小酸模生物学特性及危害规律的研究

小酸模Rumex Acetosella为廖科Polygonaceae酸模属Rumex多年生草本植物,适应于温暖、半干旱至潮湿的高海拔山区,目前在云南滇东北的昭通地区已经成为重要的害草,为害面积1.67万hm2之多.为了研究小酸模侵占规律,2003年在昭通彝良分别对弃荒地、未耕草地和农田上的小酸模危害情况进行了调查和分析.结果表明,入侵农田后,小酸模个体生长势旺盛,平均株高较其他样地高10 cm之多.小酸模侵占弃荒后的样地,株高明显降低;随着弃荒年限的增加甚至不耕作,小酸模生物量逐渐减少,生长势明显削弱.种群密度分析结果表明,耕地最易于小酸模的繁殖,土地耕作次数越多,小酸模的有性繁殖能力越强,一个稳定植物群落可以有效地抑制小酸模的有性繁殖.在小酸模危害严重的地区,尽量减少土地的耕作,建立多年生人工草地易于形成稳定的植物群落,可以有效的抑制小酸模生长、发育及其繁殖,达到控制其入侵速度和减轻危害的目的.

Studies on the biological characters and damage laws of Rumex acetosella

Rumex acetosella is the perennial herbaceous plant which is classified as Rumex (Polygonaceae). Ii is suitable to the high mountain area with warm, semi-arid and moist climate. In the past decades, Rumex acetosella have become the major harmful plant in the Zhaotong district which was located in the northeast Yunnan province. More than 15,000 hm~2 of land were occupied by this plant. In order to study the damage law of Rumex acetosella,barren fields,pasture and fields were used to be investigated. The result showed that the plant of Rumex acetosella grew stronger in the field plot than other sample plot. The average plant height was 10 cm higher than other sample plot. The plant height of Rumex acetosella was significantly low after the fields was abandoned due to the growing of Rumex acetosella . Above-biomass and growing vigor of Rumex acetosella decreased gradually fields were abandoned as the year became longer after. The analyze of the population density showed that the plough land provide the best condition for growing and reproduction of Rumex acetosella. The density of Rumex acetosella was lower in barren fields with relatively long time. The more times was the fields ploughed, the stronger sexual reproduction did the Rumex acetosella have. The sexual reproductive ability of this plant was effectively restrained by the stable plant communities. Due to controlling the speed of invading and reducing the degree of damage by providing good condition for stable communities, it is suggested that land should reduce its plough and artificial perennial grassland should be established in the area which was occupied by Rumex acetosella .