我国甘蓝型黄籽油菜育种研究进展

甘蓝型（Ｂ．ｎａｐｕｓ）黄籽油菜育种工作，在我国已进行了２０多年。育种实践表明，其黄籽色泽遗传复杂，籽粒呈“杂黄”色，长期自交不能纯化，并不断分离出黑籽。已培育出的 黄籽品种，尚不能完全适应生产的需要。黄籽育种必须与优质育种、杂交育种、生物技术相结合，才能适应育种科技发展的需要。

BREEDING PROGRESS OF YELLOW-SEEDED Brassica napus IN CHINA

The breeding ofyellow-seeded Brassica napus was be gun in China in 1975. The yellow seeded rapeseedmainly originated from 3 ways, (1)offsprings of interspecific hybridization, (2)offspringsof inter-varietal c rossing, (3)mutant plant of varieties introduced from other countries.The coat color of yellow seeded B. napus was called soil yellow or ginger yellow. The rewere more or less black dots or black spots, or brownish black rings. It was called mixedyellow. It was extremely difficult to stabilize the yellow seeded t rait. Purification anddegeneration apperaed at sometime by long time selfing. It was necessary to select thematerials tolerant to the continuous selfing. In h igh generation, the degeneration mightbe overcome by sib-mating, or interline crossing, or open pollination in isolated plot inthe same genetic background. The heredity of the yellow seed color in B. napus wascontrolled by triple ge nes, and affected by transpowsable elements. There were differentgenotypes in yellow seeded varieties coming from different parents. The yellow seededtrait wa s also influenced by interaction of genes and environmental conditions. Many researches showed that,the lighter the color of seedcoat, the higher the oil conte rt inmaterials with same genetic background. Because the embryo occupies more w eightpercentage in seed.It was very important to select the plant with higher oil content inembryo. Uptonow, in other countries there have been no report o n yellow-seeded va rietiesused in production. In our country, increasing oil contert is the mainaim, the color ofseed may be mixed yellow. Some yellow-seeded varieties have us ed in production. Theyellow seed breeding often adapts single plant selection, crossing breeding,and mutationof physic and chemical factors.