稻茬免耕直播油菜覆盖稻草栽培技术研究

为降低油菜生产成本,对稻茬免耕直播油菜覆盖稻草栽培技术进行试验研究。播种期设10月20日、10月30日、11月9日3期播种,种植密度设18万株/hm2、27万株/hm2、36万株/hm23水平,稻草覆盖数量设0、2250kg/hm2、4500kg/hm23水平。试验结果表明:播种期对免耕直播油菜产量影响大,适期早播是高产的关键;播种后覆盖稻草,能抑制杂草、提高地温和培肥地力;种植密度18万～36万株/hm2范围内,产量差异不显著。浙江省免耕直播油菜高产农艺措施为10月20日撒直播、种植密度27万株/hm2、稻草覆盖量2250kg/hm2。

Study on Cultivating Technique of Direct-seeding Rape in no-tillage Paddy Field Covered with Straws

In order to reduce the cost of rape production, we studied cultivating technique of direct-seeding rape in no-tillage paddy field covered with straws. Rapeseed was sowed on Oct.20th, Oct.30th and Nov.9th. 180000, 270000 and 360000 rapes per hectare were planted. No-tillage paddy field was covered 0, 2250kg and 4500kg straws per hectare. The results showed that seeding stage was most important to direct-seeding rape in no-tillage paddy field, early seeding must be taken to achieve high yield of rapeseed, straws on no-tillage paddy field are able to reduce weeds, raise earth temperature and increase the fertility of soil, per unit area yield was not different on statistics analysis when rape density was from 180000 to 360000 per hectare. The best cultivation of direct-seeding rape in Zhejiang province was seeding on oct.20th, 270000 rapes per hectare and 2250kg straws per hectare on no-tillage paddy field.