长江中下游麦区小麦材料穗发芽抗性评价

通过籽粒发芽法和大田穗发芽法,综合评价目前长江中下游麦区主要推广的小麦品种(33份)和选育品系(19份)及对照(2份)的抗穗发芽特性。研究结果表明,小麦穗发芽特性在不同材料间存在显著差异,红粒小麦抗穗发芽能力极显著高于白粒小麦,大部分红粒小麦休眠期长,较耐穗发芽;白粒小麦总体上休眠期短,不抗穗发芽。材料储存时间对小麦穗发芽有显著影响,随材料储存时间增加,小麦休眠期渐渐解除。通过聚类分析可将长江中下游麦区54份小麦材料分为4类,第1类抗穗发芽能力强,包括扬麦11、CD-11、扬11-04、华麦5号、扬麦20、镇麦5号共13份材料,全部为红粒小麦;第4类不抗穗发芽,包括扬麦13、扬麦14、镇麦8号、鄂麦18、襄麦25、漯6010、CD-4共17份材料,其中郑麦9023也属于此类,几乎无休眠期,极易发芽。

Identification of Wheat Pre-harvest Sprouting Resistance in Valley of Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River

The PHS resistances of main wheat materials in valley of middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River were comprehensively evaluated by seed germination and field intact spike.The results indicated that there was significant difference in PHS resistances among the different wheat materials,and which of red-grained materials were obviously higher than the white one in the whole.Most of the red-grained materials had long dormant period and more resistance to the PHS;While the white-grained materials had short dormant period and less resistance to the PHS.The storage time of the material had a significant influence on the pre-harvesting sprouting,the seed dormancy had been gradually broken and the resistance got lower with the increase of storage time.The 54 tested materials can be divided into four categories by cluster analysis.13 materials were higher than others in the PHS resistance,including Yangmai 11,CD-11,Yang 11-04,Huamai 5,Yangmai 20,Zhenmai 5,and so on,all of which were red-grained wheat;while Yangmai 13,Yangmai 14,Zhenmai 8,Emai 18,Xiangmai 25,Luo 6010,CD-4 and other 10 materials including Zhengmai 9023 were highly susceptive to the PHS,it had nearly no dormancy,and very easy to sprout.