竹叶花椒的花芽形态分化及其芽结构

为探究竹叶花椒花芽分化规律及其芽结构特征,以栽培的竹叶花椒为试验材料,采用冰冻切片法及观察法对竹叶花椒的花芽形态分化及芽结构特征进行研究,探讨其花芽分化特征。结果表明, 根据竹叶花椒花芽分化的特征可将其分化过程分为7个时期,即未分化期(7月20日以前)、花芽分化始期(7月30日-9月10日)、花序轴分化期(9月10日-10月20日)、花蕾分化期(10月20日-12月7日)、萼片分化期(11月1日-次年2月1日)、子房分化期(2月1日-3月5日)和花柱分化期(3月5日-3月15日)。竹叶花椒花芽分化整个周期历时7个多月(227 d)。花芽分化进程呈慢-快-慢-快的变化特征。竹叶花椒的花芽属于混合芽,花芽与叶芽均为裸芽。竹叶花椒的芽外由6~9片幼叶包被,幼叶柔软、肉质。综上,9月上旬为花序轴分化时期,此时期决定了后期花序的大小,是生产上灌水、施肥的关键时期。10月下旬,花芽进入花蕾分化期,此时花芽与叶芽可以明显区分。本研究进一步完善了竹叶花椒花芽形态及分化过程的基本生物学特性,为四川等地的竹叶花椒种植及管理提供了理论依据。

The Flower Bud Morphological Differentiation and Bud Structure of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.

In order to explore the flower bud differentiation and its structure characteristics of Zanthoxylum armatum DC., the cultivated Z. armatum DC. were used as experimental materials, and the frozen section method and observation method were used to study the characteristics of flower bud differentiation. This paper explored the characteristics of flower bud differentiation. The results showed that the differentiation process was divided into seven periods according to the features of Z. armatum DC.'s flower bud differentiation, Undifferentiated stage (before July 20th), Flower bud differentiation phase (July 30th to September 10th), Inflorescence primordium differentiation stage (September 10 to October 20th), blossom bud differention (October 20th to December 7th), Sepals differentiation (November 1th to February 1th of the following year), Ovary differentiation (February 1th to March 5th), and column differentiation (March 5th to March 15th). The period of Z. armatum DC.'s flower bud differentiation lasted more than 7 months (227 days). The flower bud differentiation process presented the characteristics of slow-fast-slow-fast. Flower bud of Z. armatum DC. belonged to mixed bud, all of the flower bud and leaf bud were naked bud. The buds of Z. armatum DC. were encased by 6 to 9 young leaves, the leaves were soft and succulent. This study showed that the inflorescence axis of Z. armatum DC. was differentiating at early September, this period determined the size of the inflorescence, which was the critical stage for irrigation, fertilization of cultivation. In late October, flower bud entered the stage of blossom bud differentiation, and blossom bud can be distinguished clearly from leaf bud at this moment. The findings improved its basic biological characteristics, and provided a theoretical basis for the cultivation and management of Z. armatum DC. in Sichuan and other places.