露地小型西瓜产量品质砧木效应的综合评价

为综合评价露地小型西瓜产量品质的砧木效应,以接穗京颖-6自根苗为对照,研究南瓜砧和葫芦砧分别嫁接同一接穗品种后,不同嫁接组合的幼苗质量、植株长势、产量、果实性状和品质变异特征。结果表明,所有砧木的嫁接成活率均高于90%,供试南瓜砧中幼苗质量以兴盛和铁砧尔帝较好,葫芦砧以强根和京欣砧1号表现较好。嫁接成株长势和产量也因选择砧木不同而表现不同,其中南瓜砧嫁接植株长势较强,产量较高,最低增产率也达17.0%;葫芦砧嫁接植株长势和产量变异较大,强根增产率达49.4%,但京欣砧王单位产量较对照低12.3%,且嫁接对小型西瓜果实特性及果实营养品质的影响显著。构成小型西瓜果实品质相关指标的综合评价结果表明,仅2个南瓜砧和4个葫芦砧嫁接果实品质优于自根苗。综上,供试南瓜砧均显著提高了小型西瓜的产量,但多降低了果实品质;葫芦砧中仅强砧和京欣砧1号嫁接西瓜的产量有所提高,且果实品质有所改善。本研究为嫁接小型西瓜优质高产栽培提供了理论依据。

Comprehensive Evaluation of Rootstock Effect on Yield and Fruit Quality of Mini-watermelon Grown in Open Field

In order to evaluate the effects of rootstock on yield and quality of mini-watermelon in open field synthetically, the self-root scion Jingying-6 was taken as control to study the change characteristics of the seedling quality, plant growth vigor, yield and fruit quality by the same scion grafting onto 7 squash and 7 bottle gourd rootstocks. The results showed that the grafting survival rates on all rootstocks were higher than 90%, and the seedlings grafted on squash rootstocks of XS and HT and bottle gourd rootstocks of QG and JX-1 had higher quality. Plant growth vigor and yield were significantly different among different rootstocks. All the scions grafted onto the squash rootstocks had stronger growth vigor and higher yield, which showed the increasing yield rate was 17.0% at least. Plant growth vigor and yield were greatly changed by grafting on bottle gourd rootstocks, which demonstrated the increasing yield rate of scion grafted on QG were 49.4%, but the plant yield grafted on JX-W decreased by12.3% compared to CK. Grafting also had significant effect on fruit characteristics and fruit quality. Comprehensive evaluation of indexes forming mini-watermelon quality showed that only two squash and four bottle gourd grafting fruit quality were higher than that of CK. In conclusion, mini-watermelon yields of all squash-rootstock unions were improved, but fruit quality was reduced on most of squash-rootstock. Among the bottle gourd rootstocks determined, only QG and JX-1 grafting plants had higher yield and better fruit quality. This study provides a theoretical basis for high-quality and yield cultivation of grafting mini-watermelon.