4个鲜食葡萄品种组培快繁体系的建立

为加快鲜食葡萄苗木的繁殖速度,提高苗木品质,以鲜食葡萄品种夏黑、红地球、巨峰和玫瑰香为试验材料,通过对无菌外植体的消毒、继代和驯化等环节技术的探究,建立适用于不同鲜食葡萄品种的组培快繁体系。结果表明,以葡萄茎段作为外植体在低浓度(0.3%～0.5%)次氯酸钠溶液中消毒15 min后,接种在MS+0.2 mg·L^-1IBA+1.0 mg·L^-16-BA+0.5 mg·L^-1KT+4.0 mg·L^-1腺嘌呤+30 g·L^-1蔗糖+8.2 g·L^-1琼脂的培养基上,成活率达到87.5%;以培养基WPM添加0.2 mg·L^(-1 )IBA增殖培养兼生根诱导,组培苗生长健壮,生根效果好。采用水培方法炼苗3周后4个品种组培苗移栽成活率均达到100%。综上,完整的基础组培快繁体系可应用于科学研究及工业化大规模生产。本研究为加快鲜食葡萄的繁殖速度、提高苗木质量提供了理论依据。

Establishment of in Vitro Rapid Micropropagation of Four Table Grape Cultivars

In order to speed up the propagation and improve the quality of nursery plants of table grapes, in vitro mircropropagation was established. In this study, cultivars of Summer Black, Red Globe, Kyoho and Muscat Hamburg were used as materials to explore the methods of disinfection of aseptic explants, the composition of subculture medium and the techniques of domestication. The results showed that 87.6% of explants of nodal stems survived when sterilized by the low concentration of 0.3%~0.5% sodium hypochlorite for 15 min and cultured on the MS medium supplementing with 0.2 mg·L^-1 IBA, 1.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA and 0.5 mg·L^-1 KT. The propagules grew robustly on the WPM medium supplementing with IBA 0.2 mg·L^-1 that was suitable for both shoot growth and rooting, and the proliferation rate of shoots were enhanced. All plantlets of four table grape cultivars survived when transplanted in the green house after hydroponic acclimation for 3 to 4 weeks. These results suggested that this in-vitro rapid propagating system was basically suitable for four table grape cultivars and could be applied to scientific research and industrialized mass production of nursery plants. This study provides theoretical basis for accelerating the propagation speed of fresh grape and improving seedling quality.