西北地区不同小麦品种氮营养效率差异及其机理研究

通过盆栽试验,研究了西北地区20世纪50年代以来,15个耐肥性不同的主要小麦品种的氮营养效率差异及其机理。结果表明,供试的15个小麦品种中,丰产3号、周麦9号和长武134在低氮和高氮下均可获得高产,是适应性较广的品种类型;西农1376、西农6028和陕229对氮素累积量大,但体内氮的利用效率低,对土壤氮利用能力也差,需肥量大,氮肥利用率高,比较耐肥,适用于高肥土壤种植;低氮条件下,周麦9号、小偃6号属高产-氮高效型品种,而在高氮条件下,丰产3号、周麦9号和偃师9号属高产-氮高效型品种;低氮条件下耐瘠品种主要靠发达的根系和对NO-3的有效利用获得高产,高氮条件下耐肥品种主要靠对肥料氮的吸收及在体内的有效利用而获得高产。

Studies on the differences in nitrogen efficiency and the mechanism among different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties in northwest China

Pot experiments were conducted to study the differences in N efficiency and the mechanism among different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties which adapt differently to manuring in northwest China and have been widely cultivated from 1950s up to the present.The results showed that Fengchan 3,Zhoumai 9 and Changwu 134 were genotypes with wide adaptability which could obtain high biomass under both high and low N contents,Xinong 1376,Xinong 6028 and Shan 229 could accumulate more nitrogen in the aboveground parts,but their nitrogen efficiencies were low,and the abilities of using soil nitrogen were poor.Therefore,they were suitable for fertile soils,need more fertilizer and have high nitrogen fertilizer efficiency.Under low N content condition,Zhoumai 9 and Xiaoyan 6 had the high biomass and high nitrogen efficiency genotypes,while Fengchan 3,Zhoumai 9 and Yanshi 9 had the high nitrogen efficiency genotypes under high N content,which were suitable for higher content of N fertilizer and acquired high yield by absorbing N and effectively use them in the plants.