不同基质配方的有机肥对连作辣椒的生长及根际土壤微生物多样性的影响

以山东寿光辣椒大棚的连作土壤为基质,以无机肥料作对照,向辣椒连作土壤中基施5种不同配方的有机肥,调节土壤N、P、K至相同水平,研究其对辣椒的产量与品质的影响.同时采用RAPD和平板稀释计数相结合的方法,考察不同肥料处理组中辣椒根际土壤微生物的数量与多样性的变化.结果显示:大部分种类的有机肥均能增加辣椒根际土壤微生物的多样性,其中,以蚕沙和酵母发酵废液复配的有机肥(SYM)处理的根际土壤微生物的数量与多样性最高,且在促进辣椒生长、抗猝倒病、提高辣椒品质(维生素C和辣椒素含量)方面都明显优于其他处理组.结果表明:以发酵废料为基础的配方有机肥应用于连作土壤中,可以提高作物的产量与品质,改善土壤的微生态结构.

Effects of different organic fertilizers on rhizospheric microbial diversity and growth of peppers in continuous cropping soil

Using cropping soil (Shandong Shouguang pepper greenhouse) as basic matrix and the chemical fertilizer as control,five different organic fertilizer formulations with the same level of N,P and K content were applied to pepper plants potted in soil from a continuous cropping greenhouse to compare impacts of organic fertilizers on rhizospheric microbial diversity and the growth of peppers.The rhizosphere microbial quantity and diversity were investigated using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and a traditional plate counting method.Results showed that most types of organic fertilizer can increase rhizosphere soil microbial diversity and the organic fertilizer made from silk worm excrement plus yeast fermentation waste (SYM) is the highest one.SYM provides the best results in promoting plant growth,protection of seedlings from damping-off,and improving the vitamin C and capsaicin content of fruits.These results indicated that organic fertilizer produced by fermented waste is conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture which can increase yields and quality of crop,improve micro-ecological structure of soil in continuous cropping.