多环境下陆地棉染色体片段代换系及F_1皮棉产量与纤维品质的表型分析

以1套陆地棉染色体片段代换系为亲本材料,采用株系间随机成对杂交组配F1,在5个环境下鉴定片段代换系亲本及F1的皮棉产量与纤维品质性状表现。结果表明,与轮回亲本(中棉所36)相比,F1在铃重与皮棉产量性状上具有一定的对照优势,亲本与F1的纤维长度与比强度均表现出明显的对照优势,且环境间表现一致。F1铃重、衣分与皮棉产量在各个环境下的中亲优势均值全部为正,且相对较大。除个别环境外,纤维长度、马克隆值与比强度的中亲优势均值也全部为正,但数值相对较小。片段代换系及F1的遗传变异丰富,部分亲本与F1在多个环境下的综合表现优异,其皮棉产量与纤维品质得到同步提高,群体材料的遗传改良与杂种优势利用具有广阔前景。

Phenotypic Analysis of Lint Yield and Fiber Quality Traits of Cotton Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines and F1 Hybrids in Multiple Environments

A set of 82 cotton chromosome segment substitution lines(CSSLs) were selected and used to develop 41 F1 hybrids based on a random mating design. These F₁ plants were grown in five different environments to evaluate the lint yield and fiber quality traits of cotton. Positive control heterosis was detected for boll weight and lint yield in F₁ compared with CCRI 36, while mean fiber lengths and fiber strengths of F₁ and CSSLs were larger than those of CCRI 36 in all environments. Positive mid-parent heterosis(MPH) was detected for all yield traits of F₁ hybrids in all environments,while positive MPH was detected for fiber length, fiber strength, and fiber micronaire of F₁ in most environments.The MPH of F₁ hybrid fiber quality traits was smaller than that of yield traits. These results reveal the abundant genetic variations both in CSSLs and F1 hybrids, some of which are associated with a good lint yield and fiber quality. Our findings also show the feasibility of simultaneously improving fiber yield and quality using CSSLs, and the prospects of using heterosis and the genetic improvement of CSSLs in cotton breeding.