基于GIS的县级精细化气候适宜性区划及灾害风险区划

为明确大宗作物、特色作物、设施作物的气候适宜性及灾害风险的空间分布,本研究以永宁县为例,利用自动气象站资料,基于自然区划理论,采用定性判断法、聚类分析法,空间分析法等相结合,完成了：水稻精细化气候适宜性区划、设施农业精细化气候适宜性区划、水稻低温冷害风险区划及酿酒葡萄霜冻风险区划,划出永宁县各地优势农业、特色农业及设施农业的适宜种植区、次适宜种植区、可种植区和不适宜种植区。结果表明：永宁县大部地区为水稻和设施农业生产的适宜区和次适宜区；水稻低温冷害和酿酒葡萄霜冻灾害低风险区在贺兰山沿山,高风险区为高风险区为闽宁镇大部、李俊镇中西部、望洪镇西部。本研究对永宁县农业生产发挥区域气候优势、趋利避害、减轻气象灾害损失、提高各类产业整体效益具有重要意义,其成果将为永宁县各级政府分类指导农业结构调整和防灾减灾提供决策支持。

County-level Refined Climate Suitability Regionalization and Disaster Risk Zoning Based on GIS

In order to clarify the spatial distribution of climate suitability and disaster risk of staple crops, specialty crops and facility crops, refined climate suitability regionalization for rice and facility agriculture, and disaster risk zoning for rice cold damage and wine grape frost were conducted. Taking Yongning County as an example, the data from auto meteorological stations were used in the research, and some methods including qualitative judgment, cluster analysis, spatial analysis and so on were adopted. The suitable planting areas, less suitable planting areas and unsuitable planting areas were determined for advantage agriculture, specialty agriculture and facility agriculture. The results showed that most part of Yongning County was suitable or less suitable for rice production and facility agriculture; the low risk areas of rice cold damage and wine grape frost were along Helan Mountain, and the high risk areas were in Minning town, the middle and west part of Lijun town, and the west part of Wanghong town. The analysis had certain significance for exerting regional climate advantage, avoiding disadvantages, reducing the loss from meteorological disasters and increasing the overall benefit of all kinds of industries. The achievement could provide decision support for the government of Yongning County in planting structure adjustment and disaster prevention and mitigation.