蔬菜废弃物栽培基质对番茄生长发育和营养品质的影响

[目的]了解有机生态型蔬菜栽培基质对番茄生长发育及营养品质的影响,为蔬菜废弃物微生物发酵物在生产上的推广应用提供科学依据。[方法]采用自然条件下室外堆肥、基质研制及温室盆栽试验进行分析研究。[结果]有机生态型基质各配方处理对番茄的株高、展幅、主茎粗、结果数、产量均有明显的促进作用,C处理即配方为蔬菜废弃物∶玉米秸秆∶牛粪∶发酵菌剂,配比为100∶4∶2∶0.25的处理,其番茄的产量较对照增长了97%,该处理番茄的干物质、有机酸、可溶性糖、维生素C等营养品质指标,与对照相比分别增加了41.9%,139.6%,36.8%和18.7%,特别是该处理番茄的可溶性固形物含量比对照增加了57.1%。各配方处理番茄的亚硝酸盐、重金属等有害残留均低于对照,符合国家相关标准规定。[结论]有机生态型基质各配方处理对番茄的生长发育和营养品质均有一定的促进作用。

Tomato Growth and Its Nutritional Quality in Different Vegetable Waste Substrate

[Objective] The growth and nutritional quality of tomato in vegetable waste cultivation matrix were tested to provide a scientific basis for the application of vegetable waste-fermented products. [Methods] Vegetable waste was composted outdoor, and after that a series of cultivation matrices based on the fermented products was used to cultivate tomato in a greenhouse. [Results] In all treatments of vegetable waste-fermented organic matrices, the height, crown size, main stem diameter, fruit quantity and yield of tomato were all observed increased. Especially, it was obvious for the C treatment, which was made from vegetable waste, corn stover, cow dung and fermentation agents with a ratio of 100:4:2:0.25. Cultivated with that matrix, the tomato yield increased 97%, and in which, indices of nutritional quality as dry matter, organic acid, soluble sugar, vitamin C and soluble solid content increased 41.9%, 139.6%, 36.8%, 18.7% and 57.1% in comparison with the ones of the control. In all treatments, nitrite content, heavy metals and other harmful residues were less than the level of corresponding national standard. [Conclusion] Vegetable waste fermentation processed substrate can promote the growth of tomato and has its benefits to the fruit quality.