红壤侵蚀区几种水土保持林水文效应研究

水土保持林对天然降雨起着截流、吸收的作用。系统研究了试验区内马尾松林、湿地松林、板栗林以及马尾松＋板栗混交林的冠层、枯落物层及土壤层的水文效应。结果发现，不同林分在这3个方面均表现出差异。（1）林冠层截留量针叶林大于阔叶林，针阔混交林居中，其顺序为：湿地松林〉马尾松林〉针阔混交林〉板栗林。（2）林下枯落物层有效拦蓄量和土壤蓄水功能阔叶林大于针叶林，针阔混交林居中，其顺序为：板栗林〉针阔混交林〉马尾松林〉湿地松林。通过3个层次水文效应研究，揭示出营造和经营管理水土保持林时，应促使3个水文层次功能的同时优化，尽量营造针阔混交林，增加植被层次结构的复杂性，既要发挥针叶林林冠层截留效应，又要发挥阔叶林枯落物层和土壤层的涵养水源功能。

Hydrological Effects of Soil and Water Conservation Forest in Red-soil Erosion Region

Rainfall can be intercepted and assimilated by soil and water conservation forest.Based on the ana- lyses of hydrological effects of canopy, litter fall, and soil for different stands such as Masson pine, Pinus elliotii, Chinese chestnut, and Masson pine &.Chinese chestnut mixed forest, the study showed that in terms of the interception amount of forest canopies, stands ranked in the descendant order of Pinus elliotii, Masson pine, needle-board leaf mixed forest, and Chinese chestnut.Stands, in terms of the effective inter- ception amount and water holding of soil for litter, ranked in the descendant order of Chinese chestnut, nee- dle-board leaf mixed forest, Masson pine, and Pi nus elliotii.When planting and managing soil and water conservation forest, the three layer hydrologic function should be optimized simultaneously and a prior con- sideration should be given to the needle-board leaf mixed forest.The forest had a complicated vegetation structure and was propitious to exert interception eff ect of needle leaf forest and headwater conservation function of litter and soil of board leaf forest.