沉香属植物的遗传多样性及分子鉴定研究进展

沉香是世界性名贵的传统药材及天然香料，应用历史悠久。瑞香科沉香属（Aquilaria Lam.）植物是目前生产沉香最主要的树种。随着沉香产业发展和市场需求增加，沉香属树种被过度开采，野生资源日渐枯竭，严重威胁到种质资源多样性和可持续发展。为更好地利用及保护沉香资源，该文基于沉香属植物的遗传多样性及分子鉴定相关文献资料，结合国内外市场调研，分析沉香产业发展现状；深入国内广东、海南、广西、福建等省份，海外马来西亚、越南等国家，系统调查沉香种质资源开发利用情况；对国内外沉香属植物遗传多样性和分子鉴定研究进行总结和展望，从表型性状、DNA 分子标记、DNA 指纹鉴定技术、核基因组水平等 4 个方面综述沉香属植物遗传多样性研究进展，从 DNA 指纹图谱、核质基因片段的 DNA 条形码、DNA 条形码组合其他分子鉴定方法等 3 个方面总结沉香属植物分子鉴定研究的现状，提出沉香属植物在分子遗传学研究中存在的问题和研究趋势，以期为沉香种质资源研究提供参考。

Research Progress on Genetic Diversity and Molecular Identification of Aquilaria Plants

Agarwood is a traditional medicinal material and natural fragrance in the world, with long history of application. At present, Aquilaria Lam. is the main species in agarwood production. The development of and market demand of agarwood industry has led to excessive exploitation and depletion of Aquilaria tree species in the wild, posing a threat to their germplasm diversity and sustainable development. To better utilize and protect the agarwood resources, this paper analyzed the development status of the agarwood industry based on the reference materials related to genetic diversity and molecular identification of Aquilaria, combined with the market research at home and abroad. And we conducted a systematic investigation into the development and utilization of the germplasm resources of Aquilaria in Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Fujian and other domestic provinces as well as in overseas countries, such as Malaysia and Vietnam. We summarized and outlined the genetic diversity and molecular identification studies of Aquilaria plants at home and abroad. We explored the research progress of genetic diversity in Aquilaria from four aspects, including phenotypic traits, DNA molecular markers, DNA fingerprinting technology and nuclear genome level, and the current research status of molecular identification of Aquilaria from three major aspects, including DNA fingerprinting, DNA barcoding of nucleoplasmic gene fragments, and put forward the problems and trends of Aquilaria in molecular genetics, with a view to providing references for the researches of germplasm resources of Aquilaria.