危害橡胶木的真菌和昆虫

橡胶树[Hevea brasiliensis(H.B.K)Muell-Arg.]是一种具有很高经济价值的树种,全世界99%的天然橡胶是由它生产出来的。橡胶树原产于南美洲亚马逊河流域的热带丛林,Wickham1876年首次将它引入远东地区,随着引种栽培技术的不断进步,目前世界许多热带地区都有它的分布。橡胶树的经济价值不仅仅在于它基本保障了世界天然橡胶的市场供应,而且由于橡胶木自身具有颜色纹理美观、易于加工、供应充足且价格相对低廉等特点,近20多年来,橡胶木加工业发展迅速。国外新近研究选育出的橡胶树品系具有良好的第二特性,适于木材生产和加工,它们的更新期有些从过去的25～35a缩短到15～20a,在重视环保问题的今天,橡胶木的利用越来越受到青睐。

The Fungi and Insects Which Attack Rubberwood

The biological characteristics of the insects and fungi which seriously attack rubberwood and the present state of rubberwood biodeterioration in China were described. The fungi attaching rubberwood consist mainly of blue stain fungi, moulds and rotting fungi. The insects include beetle borers, termites and some other Coleopteran species, such as longicorns and snout beetles etc., the total insect species are near to one hundred. The stain fungi, moulds and beetles should be paid more attention to in rubberwood preservation.