三种气象干旱指标的应用比较研究

利用前人的研究成果对当前国内外常用的降水距平百分率、标准化降水指数和帕默尔干旱指数这三种气象干旱指标进行比较分析,指出了各指标的基本原理,并总结各指标的优缺点以及其适用性.结果显示:降水距平百分率计算简单,所需资料易获取,但对干旱的响应慢,不能反映干旱的内在机理,在实际应用中尤其是在西北地区有很大的局限性;标准化降水指标适用于任意时间尺度,计算稳定,对于干旱的反应较灵敏,但没有考虑水分的支出,在实际应用中可满足不同地区的需求,能够为不同时间尺度的干旱监测服务;修正的帕默尔指标考虑了前期降水、水分供给、水分需要、实际蒸散量等因素,不仅可以反映干旱程度,而且也包含了干旱的起止时刻,实际应用广泛,是目前最为成功的干旱指标,具有广阔的发展前景.

Application and comparison of three meteorological drought indices

Drought is a kind of meteorological disaster that has hurt severely agricultural production and affected economic development and people's living in China over a long period of time.Based on the research about drought and drought indices at home and abroad,this paper mainly compared and analyzed a few meteorological drought indices usually used in current domestic and international researches,and pointed out the merit and shortcoming as well as applicability of each drought index.The percentage of precipita...