Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on young apple tree growth and fruit yield under orchard conditions |
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| Institution: | 1. Ataturk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey;2. Ataturk University, Biotechnology Application and Research Center, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey;3. Ataturk University, Ispir Technical Vocational School, 25900 Ispir/Erzurum, Turkey;4. Yeditepe University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Kay?sdagi, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey;1. Department of Fruit Growing and Viticulture, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Cara Dusana 34, 32000 Cacak, Serbia;2. Department of Pomology and Fruit Breeding, Fruit Research Institute Cacak, Kralja Petra I/9, 32000 Cacak, Serbia;1. Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China;2. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China;1. The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Hawke’s Bay Research Centre, Havelock North, New Zealand;2. The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Riwaka Research Centre, Motueka, New Zealand;3. The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand;4. Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia;1. CONICET - Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Av. San Martín 4453, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1417, Argentina;2. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Biología Aplicada y Alimentos, Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola. Av. San Martín 4453, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1417, Argentina |
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| Abstract: | The effects of rootstocks (M9 and MM 106), cultivars (Granny Smith and Stark Spur Golden) and growth promoting rhizobacteria (OSU-142, OSU-7, BA-8 and M-3) on the tree growth and yield at apple (Malus domestica Borkh) trees were studied in a clay loam soil in the eastern Anatolia region of Turkey in 2002–2004. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were capable of producing indole acetic acid (IAA) and cytokinin, but three of them (OSU-7, BA-8 and M-3) were also able to dissolve phosphate. Maximum shoot number of apple trees was found after inoculation with BA-8 followed by OSU-7 and M-3. All the inoculated PGPR strains contributed to the increase in fruit yield of apple when compared to control but it was strongly depended on rootstocks, cultivars and treatments. Plant growth responses were variable and dependent on bacterial strains, rootstock and cultivar and growth parameters evaluated of young apple trees. Newly planted apple trees inoculated with OSU-142, OSU-7, BA-8 and M-3 PGPR increased average shoot length by 59.2, 18.3, 7.0 and 14.3% relative to the control and fruit yield by 116.4, 88.2, 137.5 and 73.7%, respectively. Bacterial inoculation increased shoot diameter from 7.0 to 16.3% when compared to control. The production of plant growth hormones has been suggested as one of the mechanisms by which PGPRs stimulate young apple sapling growth. The growth-promoting effect appears to be direct, with possible involvement of the plant growth regulators indole-3-acetic acid and cytokinin. In view of environmental pollution due to excessive use of fertilizers and high costs of the production of fertilizers, PGPR strains tested in our study have potential to be used for the sustainable and environmentally benign horticultural production. |
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