妊娠母猪自动饲喂机电控制系统设计与试验

为解决妊娠母猪按个体定量饲喂及剩料难以控制等问题,以妊娠母猪为试验对象,设计了一种妊娠母猪自动饲喂机电控制系统。采用低频（134.2 KHz）RFID（radio frequency identification）标识及无线局域网技术,实现对母猪个体的自动识别与数据交换;利用全机械式通道,实现单头母猪进入与离开的自动连锁设计;通过嵌入式芯片（ARM LPC1766）的模块饲喂器控制,配合下料直流无刷电机的单圈旋转以及与接近传感器触发的协同工作,实现对预设饲喂量的准确投料及剩料的前移控制设计。试验结果表明,预设的日饲喂量可以2次饲喂完成,不论饲喂的内、外环境应激如何,出现剩料比例仅为2.1%;不同妊娠期（前期、中期及后期）的母猪,可以实施有差异的精确饲喂。该文为妊娠母猪自动饲喂系统方面的研究提供参考。

Design and experiment of electromechanical control system of automatic feeder for gestation sow

Abstract: Precise feeding technology not only provides adequate nutrients for gestating sows, but also saves manpower and reduces feed wastage for breeding farms. In China, due to the expensive imported feeding equipment, most of the small and medium-scale farms with breeding swine rely on a manual feeding mode which makes it difficult to achieve precise feeding of sows. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to develop an electronic sow automatic feeding (ESAF) system, ultimately achieving independent feeding and residual feed control for individual pregnant sows. In the system of ESAF, individual pregnant sows were identified and the information of the pregnant sows was exchanged automatically by the technologies of low frequency (134.2 KHz) RFID and a wireless local network. Since the electric door could easily result in an error due to power failure, the system of ESAF used a whole mechanical passageway to control the entry and exit of the individual pregnant sow. The whole mechanical passageway and the mechanical automatic interlock was composed of the device of a pre-passageway for the opening , the door of the passageway, the device of a pullback spring, the driving device of the pre-passageway, the fixed hurdle of the pre-passageway, the feeding controller, the device of the post-passageway for exiting, and the interlock trolley line. For example, when a pregnant sow entered into the mechanical passageway, the first nut on the top of the access door was fixed. This pregnant sow couldn't go back, and other sows could not enter. When this sow left, the first nut on the top of the front doors was lifted, and automatically shut down after another pregnant sow entered. The whole mechanical passageway and the mechanical automatic interlock were to strictly ensure that only an individual sow entered into the automatic feeder, achieving accurate identification and feeding. The feeding controller was composed of accept and transmit antenna, a display LED screen, the main control panel, the outer shell, and the cable pipes. The feeding controller which was equipped with a module of embedded chips (ARM LPC1766) could collaborate to work with the feeding electric motor and the proximity sensor, finally realizing the forward control of accurate feeding and minimum residual rationing according to a pre-set value with the cooperation of the feeder. The results of an actual test on the ESAF system showed that there were no significant effects on the number of pregnant sows' daily intake with different breeding farms and days (p>0.5). The daily feeding amount could be divided into two feedings, and the residual proportion of the feed was limited to about 2.1% no matter how strong the environment stress and body stress were. This meant that the control of the residual ration had reached the practical acceptable level. Further tests showed that, based on actual feeding twice a day, the feed intake between sows at the different stages of pregnancy were significant (p<0.05), but the actual feed intake of sows at the different stages of pregnancy were basically consistent with the default values. Therefore, it was necessary for sows at the different stage of pregnancy to be provided with a continuously incremented amount of feedstuff. In summary, the ESAF system was simple for operation, easy for maintenance, achieved high visualization, had strong adaptability, and was low cost. Therefore, it was suitable for the small and medium-scale farms with breeding swine in China.