氨基酸对奶牛乳腺蛋白质合成调控及其分子机制的研究进展

乳蛋白中含有大量人体所需的必需氨基酸，其组成平衡、含量丰富，是一种具有极高营养价值的蛋白质，而乳中 90%以上的蛋白质是乳腺利用氨基酸从头合成的，因此氨基酸对奶牛乳蛋白合成发挥着重要的作用。此外，氨基酸不仅是合成乳蛋白不可或缺的前体物质，而且还是重要的信号调控因子，通过哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR） 信号通路调控乳蛋白的合成。基于此，作者就影响奶牛乳腺氨基酸供应、摄取、利用的因素及氨基酸的信号传导作用的研究进展进行综述，以期为提高乳蛋白的合成提供一定的理论基础。

Research Progress on Milk Protein Synthesis Regulated by Amino Acids in the Mammary Gland and Its Molecular Mechanism in Dairy Cows

Milk proteins have great nutritional value,rich contain and balanced profile of amino acid,which provide nearly all the essential amino acids for the human body.However more than 90% of milk proteins are synthesed by the amino acids in the mammary gland.Furthermore,the amino acid is not only funcion as the substrates of milk protein synthesis,but also as the signaling molecules to regulate milk protein sysnthesis through mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways.It is essential to further study milk protein synthesis regulated by amino acids in the mammary gland and the molecular mechanism in dairy cows.The paper reviewed the supply of amino acids,metabolism of amino acids by mammary gland,factors affecting amino acid utilization and signal pathway for amino acid regulation in milk protein synthesis.