牦牛KAP1家族基因长度多态研究

试验旨在研究牦牛角蛋白关联蛋白1（keratin associated protein 1，KAP1）家族基因长度多态与重复序列特点。研究对牦牛和黄牛KAP1家族基因进行测序，并与绵羊已知序列进行比较分析。结果发现，牛KAP1家族位于19号染色体，根据绵羊KAP1家族基因在染色体上的位置与相似性，重新命名了牛KAP1家族基因B2D、B2A、KAP1-1和B2C为KAP1-4、KAP1-1、KAP1-2、KAP1-3（按照染色体上的基因顺序）。KAP1家族基因之间在3'和5'端区域高度保守，中间有重复序列长度差异，其中牦牛KAP1-KAP4基因发现有30 bp的长度多态。研究其蛋白序列发现5个氨基酸为基序的重复序列B（CCQTS）A₁（CCQPT），以及一个新的重复序列C（SIQTS）。本研究结果说明重复序列是KAP1家族基因间和基因内的主要差异区域，这可能与其角蛋白结合螺旋数相关。

Study on Length Polymorphism of KAP1 Family Genes in Yak (Bos gurnniens)

This study was aimed to understand the characteristics of length polymorphism with repeat sequence of keratin associated protein 1 (KAP1) family genes in yak. KAP1 family genes of yak and cattle were sequenced, and compared with sheep KAP1 family gene sequences. The results showed that cattle KAP1 family genes were located in chromosome 19, according to location of sheep KAP1 family genes in the chromosome and similarity with cattle KAP1 family genes, renaming the cattle KAP1 family (according to the gene location of chromosome) B2D, B2A, KAP1-1 and B2C genes into KAP1-4, KAP1-1, KAP1-2 and KAP1-3 gene, respectively. KAP1 family genes in the 3'and 5' flank were highly conserved, the difference between family genes mainly in the the repeat sequence region, which yak KAP1 to KAP4 genes were found 30 bp length polymorphism. There were B(CCQTS)A₁(CCQPT) repeat sequence and a new repeat sequence C(SIQTS). The results indicated that the repeat sequence was the key of the polymorphism of KAP1 family genes, which might be relate to combination with keratin protein.