食用菌栽培废料及氯化苦熏蒸对草莓连作土壤理化性质及生长的影响

【目的】为草莓连作障碍的综合防治提供理论及实践参考。【方法】以日本草莓品种“红颜”（Fragaria × ananassa Duch cv. Benihoppe）为试材,通过添加不同量的食用菌栽培废料并用氯化苦来处理土壤,以未处理的6 a大棚连作土壤为对照,研究其对土壤理化性质及草莓叶片叶绿素含量、叶片含N量、果实甜度、株产量及大果率等指标的影响,来评价其对连作障碍的防治效果。【结果】大棚连作土壤中添加食用菌栽培废料,通过氯化苦熏蒸消毒后,土壤有机质含量随食用菌栽培废料添加量的增加而显著增加,其他土壤养分含量则显著降低,pH值显著升高;草莓叶片叶绿素含量、叶片含N量、果实甜度、株产量及大果率等指标均显著提高。【结论】大棚草莓连作土壤中添加食用菌栽培废料并用氯化苦进行熏蒸消毒,可改善土壤生态环境,显著改善草莓的形态及生理指标、改善果实品质、提高产量。

Effects of Adding Waste of Edible Fungi Cultivation and Chloropicrin Fumigation on Physical and Chemical Properties of Continuous Cropping Soil and Growth of Strawberry

To provide a theoretical and practical reference for the integrated control of continuous cropping problems of strawberry.The Japanese strawberry variety "Red cheeks" (FRAGARIA Anananassa Duch CV. Benihoppe) was used as material, the soil was treated by adding different amounts of wastes of edible fungi cultivation and the chloropicrin was used to fumigate the soil, and the untreated 6-year-old soil was used as control, the soil physical and chemical properties, chlorophyll content in strawberry leaves, N content in strawberry leaves, fruit sweetness, plant yield and large fruit rate were studied for evaluating the control effect. The content of organic matter in soil increased with the increase of the content of wastes of edible fungi cultivation, while the content of other soil nutrients decreased significantly after the soil was fumigated with chloropicrin, pH value increased significantly, and chlorophyll content, leaf N content, fruit sweetness, plant yield and large fruit percentage increased significantly. Adding wastes of edible fungi cultivation to the soil and fumigating it with chloropicrin can improve the soil ecological environment, significantly improve the shape and physiological index, the fruit quality, and increase yield.