不同肥料对镉污染土壤中两种菜心生长与Cd吸收的影响

以相对高累积Cd品种特青60天菜心和相对低累积Cd品种油绿80天菜心为材料,在两种Cd污染程度不同的红壤土上进行盆栽实验,研究四种不同肥料的施用对两种菜心生长及Cd迁移的影响。结果表明土壤Cd含量的增加促进了两种菜心根际土、根部以及茎叶Cd含量的提高。随着土壤Cd含量的增加,Cd对两品种菜心生长的抑制作用增强,但油绿80天菜心的生物量显著高于特青60天菜心。不同肥料处理均能减少油绿80天菜心和特青60天菜心的可食部分(茎叶)和根部对土壤Cd吸收,其效果如下:鸡粪有机肥硅镁肥复合微生物肥普通复合肥,其中鸡粪有机肥、硅镁肥处理的菜心茎叶和根部Cd的含量显著低于普通复合肥处理组。低积累Cd油绿80天菜心茎叶Cd含量显著低于高积累Cd特青60天菜心茎叶Cd的含量,平均含量为特青60天菜心的53.81%,其中在鸡粪有机肥条件下仅为特青60天菜心茎叶Cd含量的43.95%。在两个不同浓度Cd污染土壤条件下,鸡粪有机肥处理的油绿80天菜心分别比特青60天菜心增产33.53%和61.49%;油绿80天菜心对Cd富集和转移率均显著低于特青60天菜心,油绿80天菜心的富集系数为1.11和0.77,特青60天菜心的富集系数为2.07和2.26,油绿80天菜心的转移系数为1.24和0.96,特青60天菜心为2.89和1.99。因此油绿80天菜心比特青60天菜心更适合种植在Cd污染土壤,而使用鸡粪有机肥最佳,既能促进两种菜心的生长,且可减少对土壤Cd的吸收。

Effects of different fertilizers on two genotype Chinese Flowing Cabbage in Cd contaminated soil

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different fertilizers on the growth, cadmium(Cd) accumulation and distribution in Chinese Flowing Cabbage(Brassica campestris L. ssp.chinensis var.utilis) Cultivar Youlv-80d-choy sum(Y80) and Teqing-60d-choy sum(T60) cultivated in Cd contaminated soil. Result showed that the increase of soil Cd content raised the concentration of Cd in rhizosphere soil, root, stem and leaf of the two cultivars. With the increase of soil Cd, the plant growth were also further inhibited. However, the biomass of Cultivar Y80 was significantly greater than that of T60. Under different fertilizer treatment, the range of Cd absorption in the edible part of these two cultivars from low to high was:chicken manure fertilizer >silicon magnesium fertilizer >bio-chicken manure fertilizer >compound fertilizer. The concentration of Cd in edible part was the lowest in the treatment of chicken manure fertilizer and then the second lowest was in treatment of silicon magnesium fertilizer. They both significantly lower than that in treatment of compound fertilizer. The concentration of Cd in stem and leaf was 46.19% lower in Cultivar Y80 than in Cultivar T60 on average. In chicken manure fertilizer treatments, the Cd content in stem and leaf was even 56.05% lower in Cultivar Y80 than in Cultivar T60. The biomass yields of Y80 were 33.53%~61.49% more than Cultivar T60. In chicken manure fertilizer treatments, the enrichment rates were from 0.77 to 1.1 for Y80 and from 2.07 to 2.26 for T60 and the transfer rate of Cd were from 0.96 to 1.24 for Y80 and from 1.99 to 2.89 for T60 in the treatments of chicken manure fertilizer. So the Cultivar Y80 is more suitable than Cultivar T60 for production in Cd contaminated soil. Chicken manure fertilizer is important to control the vegetable contamination for these two cultivars in Cd contaminated soil.