黄河湿地小白河片区优势植物重金属的富集特征

通过对采集的植物和对应土壤的监测分析,研究了包头黄河湿地小白河片区优势植物和土壤对重金属的富集作用。以优势植物虉草(Phalaris arundinacea)、香蒲(Typha orientalis)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)为研究对象,通过对植物和土壤的野外采样分析,检测了黄河湿地小白河片区湿地植物及相应土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn等重金属元素含量,对土壤重金属污染程度进行了单因子分析及综合分析,同时分析了3种优势植物对重金属的吸收与富集特征。研究结果表明:三种植被区土壤均受到中度污染,其中As、Cd、Zn污染最为严重。该湿地优势植物富集特征显示:香蒲地上部和地下部对Ni的富集系数均大于1,对土壤中Ni污染具有修复作用;香蒲和芦苇对重金属As、Cd、Zn的转运系数相对较高,耐性较好;三种优势植物对As、Cd、Zn等污染程度高的重金属的富集系数和转运系数均小于1,对土壤中As、Cd、Zn污染没达到修复效果;不同植物体内重金属间的相互作用关系不同,其作用结果会对植物重金属的富集产生一定的影响。

Content and accumulation characteristics of heavy metals in dominant plants in Xiao Bai He Area of the Yellow River Wetland

The contents of heavy metals such as As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Ni were measured in the three dominant plants(Phalaris arundinacea, Typha orientalis and Phragmites australis) and the corresponding soil samples, and the contamination levels of heavy metal in soil were carried out by the single factor analysis and comprehensive analysis. At the same time, the characteristics of absorption and accumulation of heavy metals in 3 dominant plants were analyzed in Xiao Bai He Area of the Yellow River Wetland, Baotou. The results showed:the three vegetation soils were moderate polluted, and the contamination levels of As, Cd and Zn were relatively serious. The Ni concentration coefficient of aboveground and underground parts of Typha orientalis is greater than 1, and has positive effect on the recovery of Ni in polluted soils. Transfer coefficient of As, Cd and Zn in Typha orientalis and Phragmites australis is relatively high, means that the two plants have good patience to As, Cd and Zn of soils, but the concentration coefficient and transfer coefficient of As, Cd and Zn, which in high contamination levels, in the three dominant plants were less than 1, means that the three dominant plants can''t repair soils polluted by As, Cd and Zn. The interaction of heavy metals in different plants is different, and the effect of the results will have a certain effect on the accumulation of heavy metals in plants.