有机肥料对改善农产品品质的作用及机理

本文讨论了施用有机肥对西瓜,烟草和蕃茄品质的影响及其作用机理。多年试验结果表明,在等氮磷钾条件下,配施有机肥较单施化肥,有利于西瓜糖分增加;烤烟上等品率提高和改善蕃茄果实的品质。.由于有机肥料具有养分完全组成和供肥性能好,能改善作物营养并促进养分平衡,抑制高氮对品质的负作用,使供氮性能与作物需求趋向协调,有利平衡作物的碳氮代谢过程。有机肥还能影响不同内源激素浓度及比例,促进作物生长发育。

EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURE ON QUALITIES OF CROPS

Quality of vegetal products are influenced both by hereditary factors and environmental conditions. Fertilization as an environmental factor can strongly affect not yield but also quality of produce. Three kinds of organic manure, hog manure, poultry and oil cake and Its combination with mineral fertilizer were conducted both in field and pot experiments to study their influence on quality of crop produce. The treatments were designed with and equivalent amount of nitrogen and nitrogen-phosphorous-potassium nutrients to compare manures with chemical fertilisers. As compared to the control(NPK), the organic manure treatments improved the nutritive quality (protein, sugar, vitamin and indesponsible amino acid) outer quality (colour and size homogeneity of fruits) of crop which were watermelon, tobacco and tomato. The total sugar content and sweet amino acid of watermelon increased by 18.6% and 24. 5mg/ 100gFW respectively. The first class of cured tobacco leaf increased by 8.8% and the lyslne content of tomato Increased by 31.3mg/100gFW. Results also showed that excessive rate of N have a detrimental effect of quality as they reduced the sugar content in watermelon and increased the nicotine and protein content in tobacco leaf. On the other hand, manures result in a slow release of nitrogen from soil due to its specific nutrient-supplying properties. Reasons for the, superiority of manures is due to: (1)it may ensure a balance plant nutrition to meet the need of crop's good quality; (2) It improved the nitrogen supplying property to avoid a negative effect on the quality from excessive use of N; (3) promoted the content of endohormonces and improved their ratio (ABA/GA, IAA/ABA) in plant tissue.