埃及沙漠治理与开发利用研究

本文介绍了埃及的自然环境和经济概况。从埃及的治沙体制、治沙政策、先进的节水型沙漠土地开发技术和固沙造林技术几个方面系统研究了埃及目前沙漠治理及开发技术水平。并结合我国情况提出了几点具体建议。

Desert Control and Development in Egypt

Egypt is situated in an arid zone in the subtropical region.Shifting sand dunes and semi-shifting dunes occupy an area of 17.9% of the territory.In order to expand the area of tillage and for self sufficiency of grain production,desert control and utilization seem very important.Desert control in Egypt is carried out under the unified guidance of government.Some policies favoring desert control are adopted.Subsidies are given to new im-megrates by obtaining foreign assistance gratis 9 and help is rendered to the poor peasants and nomads who wish to remove to desert for land exploitation.To regulate the unstable flow of the Nile,Aswang Dam was built by Egypt in 1960s.Fresh water and effluent from irrigated fields are conducted in underground tubes between areas and subareas.Reservoirs to contain rain water and flood were built where water table was low.According to local climate and source of head water different modes of irrigation are adopted 9 such as irrigation through canals 9 automatic drip irrigation tsprinling irrigation emd manual watering.Except adopting the above measures,Egypt also emphasizes stand establishment by dune fixation.The chief measure is to fix the shifting dunes by planting sand control hedges and constructing forests in combination with grass growing.The stands on sides of canals and field sides account for about 50 000 km.