窝肥施用芝麻类有机物料对烤烟化学成分和香气质量的影响

 【目的】研究窝肥施用不同芝麻类有机物料对烤烟化学成分和香气质量的影响。【方法】采用田间试验的方法，改变传统饼肥施用方式，窝肥施用的不同芝麻类有机物料栽烟时穴施。【结果】（1）窝肥施用芝麻饼可提高3个部位烟叶品质，施用炒芝麻可提高中部和上部烟叶质量，施用芝麻油仅提高上部烟叶致香物质总量。施用芝麻饼的3个部位、施用炒芝麻中部和上部烟叶糖与烟碱和总氮与烟碱的比值均适宜，而施用芝麻油3个部位的烟叶这两者比值均不太适宜，化学成分的协调性均较差。（2）窝肥施用芝麻饼的下部和中部烟叶致香物质总量的增加是由新植二烯、类西柏烷类和类胡萝卜素类致香物质增加引起的，上部烟叶致香物质总量的增加是由苯丙氨酸类、棕色化产物类和类西柏烷类致香物质增加引起的；施用炒芝麻的中部和上部烟叶致香物质总量的增加主要源于新植二烯、苯丙氨酸和类西柏烷类致香物质；施用芝麻油的上部烟叶致香物质总量的增加主要源于新植二烯和类西柏烷类致香物质。（3）3个部位均以窝肥施用芝麻饼烟叶感官评吸得分最高，尤其香气质较纯净，香气量较足，余味舒适特征较明显。【结论】芝麻饼肥用量相等情况下，基肥与窝肥相结合施用，较传统的饼肥全部用作基肥，更有利于烟叶致香物质的形成，提高各部位烟叶致香物质总量，尤其明显提高新植二烯（上部烟叶略低于对照除外）及其以外致香物质含量、烟叶糖碱比和氮碱比均较适宜，蛋白质和氯含量较低，钾素含量相对较高，使烟叶化学成分和致香物质的含量及组成更趋协调，有助于改善烟叶香气质量。

Effects of Applying Different Sesame Organic Materials as Nest-Fertilizers on Chemical Components and Aroma Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco

【Objective】 The purpose of the experiment is to study the effects of applying different sesame organic materials as nest-fertilizers on chemical components and aroma quality of flue-cured tobacco. 【Method】 Different from the traditional cake fertilizer applied as base fertilizer in row replacement, nest-fertilizers of different sesame organic materials were applied at transplanting period in the field experiment. 【Result】 The quality of three parts of tobacco leaf could be improved when sesame cake fertilize was used as the nest-fertilizer. The quality of middle and lower leaves could be improved when fried sesame was used as the nest-fertilize. The quality of upper leaves could only be improved when the sesame oil was used nest-fertilizer. The ratio of sugar/ nicotine and total N/nicotine were appropriate in three parts of tobacco leaves (with the treatment of cake fertilizer ) and upper &; middle leaves (with the treatment of fried sesame), but the quality of three parts leaves with the treatment of sesame oil were no good, and the chemical components contents were less harmonious. The increase of total aroma components contents of lower and middle leaves was from neophytadiene, cembranoids and carotenoids, the increase of total aroma component contents of upper leaf was from phenylalanine products, brown chemical products and cembranoids (with the treatment of sesame cake fertilizer). The increase of total aroma component contents of middle and upper leaves was from neophytadiene, phenylalanine products and cembranoids (with the treatment of fried sesame). The increase of total aroma component contents of upper leaves was from neophytadiene and cembranoids (with the treatment of sesame oil). Sensory smoking results showed that three parts of tobacco leaf (with the treatment of sesame cake fertilizer) were the best in all of the treatments. The characteristics of them were pure aroma, adequate aroma and comfortable aftertaste. 【Conclusion】 The results showed that, when the same amount of sesame cake fertilizer was applied, a part of them applied as base fertilizer and nest-fertilizer was better than as base fertilizer, especially, the contents of neophytadiene (except that in upper leaves compared with CK) and the other aroma components. The other features of this treatment were comfortable sugar/ nicotine and total N/ nicotine ratios, lower contents of protein and Cl, higher K, more harmonious chemical and aroma components. It is better to improve aroma quality of tobacco leaves by combining sesame organic materials applied as basal fertilizer and nest-fertilizer.