呼和浩特地区牛奶及饲料中风险因子研究初探

本研究主要选取呼和浩特地区奶牛养殖较集中的赛罕区与和林格尔县，对其规模养殖场与奶牛小区的饲料和牛奶中风险因子的污染情况进行评估，同时调研了奶牛饲养过程中兽药使用情况，其中饲料中评估的风险因子包括黄曲霉毒素B₁和重金属铅，牛奶中评估的风险因子包括黄曲霉毒素M₁、重金属铅、菌落总数、体细胞数和总抗生素。结果表明：①青霉素是使用最多的抗生素，规模场比奶牛小区使用药物种类多；②对饲料中2种风险因子的检出率均为100%，但均未超标； ③除体细胞，牛奶中的其他风险因子均未超标；④除重金属铅，牛奶中其他风险因子均是奶牛小区高于规模养殖场；⑤本次调研虽然样本量不大，但所选调研地点均是随机选择，因此具有一定代表性，本次调研分析结果有助于指导下一步牛奶风险评估的开展。

Investigation Report of Risk Factors in Milk and Feed in Hohhot

This study selected Saihan district and Helingeer County in Hohhot dairy cattles are more in which to evaluate the pollution of risk factor in feedstuff and milk in scale raising farms and cow areas, and the research investigated veterinary drugs species in dairy cattle feeding. Evaluated risk factors in feedstuff were aflatoxin B₁ and heavy metal plumbum, evaluated risk factors in milk were aflatoxin M₁, heavy metal plumbum, colony count, somatic cell count and total antibiotics. The results showed that: ①The penicillin was used mostly in antibiotics, and veterinary drugs were used more in scale raising farms than in cow areas.②The detection rates for the two kinds of risk factors were 100% in feedstuff and did not exceed the standard.③Besides somatic cell, other risk factors in milk did not exceed the standard.④The other risk factors in cow areas were higher than in scale raising farms in addition to heavy metal plumbum.⑤Although the sample sizes were small,the investigation sites were selected at random, so the results to the investigation were helpful to guide the next risk assessment in milk.