分娩后不同饲喂模式对泌乳母猪生产性能、乳成分和生理代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究母猪分娩后3种饲喂模式(产后不限饲、限饲3 d和限饲7 d后自由采食)对泌乳母猪生产性能、乳成分和生理代谢的影响。挑选遗传背景一致、体况和健康良好、分娩日期接近的3~6胎次丹系长×大母猪45头,分娩后根据体重、背膘厚度和胎次随机均分成3个组,每组15个重复,每个重复1头。3组母猪饲喂相同的泌乳饲粮,执行对应的饲喂模式:不限饲组(FR0组)分娩后立即自由采食;限饲3 d组(FR3组)分娩后前3 d逐步增加饲喂量,之后自由采食;限饲7 d组(FR7组)分娩后前7 d逐步增加饲喂量,之后自由采食。分娩后第22天仔猪断奶,试验结束。结果表明:1)FR0组和FR3组第1周和泌乳期母猪采食量以及哺乳期仔猪平均日增重(ADG)显著高于FR7组(P<0.05);FR0组泌乳期母猪背膘厚度和体重损失显著低于FR3组和FR7组(P<0.05);FR0组第1周和泌乳期母猪采食量显著高于FR3组(P<0.05),但哺乳期仔猪ADG的差异没有达到显著水平(P>0.05)。2)各组间乳成分没有显著差异(P>0.05)。3)与FR7组相比,FR0组和FR3组血浆中催乳素、胃饥饿素和瘦素含量显著增加(P<0.05),胰岛素和皮质醇含量显著降低(P<0.05);FR0组血浆尿素氮含量显著高于FR7组(P<0.05),与FR3组差异不显著(P>0.05);各组间血浆葡萄糖和甘油三酯含量没有显著差异(P>0.05)。由此可见,分娩后饲喂模式会影响泌乳母猪的采食量、背膘厚度和体重损失以及机体生理代谢状况。本试验条件下,现代高产瘦肉型母猪产后不限饲和缩短限饲天数(限饲3 d)都可以提高泌乳母猪的采食量和泌乳性能,其中不限饲是适宜的饲喂模式。

Effects of Postpartum Feeding Patterns on Performance,Milk Composition and Physiological Metabolism of Lactating Sows

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of 3 postpartum feeding patterns,include ad libitum,feed restriction for the first 3 days and feed restriction for the first 7 days of postpartum,on the performance,milk composition and physiological metabolism of lactating sows.Forty-five healthy Landrace×Yorkshire sows(3 to 6 parities)with the same genetic background,good body condition,and similar delivery date were selected.After delivery,animals were randomly divided into 3 groups based on body condition and parity with 15 replicates per group and one animal per replicate.All sows were fed the same lactation diet.ad libitum group(FR0)group was fed ad libitum immediately after farrowing,feed restriction 3 days group(FR3 group)fed restrictively in the first 3 days of lactation and then ad libitum,and feed restriction 7 days group(FR7 group)fed restrictively in the first 7 days of lactation.Piglets were weaned at the 22nd day after delivery and the experiment ended at that time.The results showed as follows:1)the feed intake in the first week and whole of lactation period of lactating sows and the average daily gain(ADG)during suckling period of piglets in FR0 and FR3 groups were significantly higher than those in FR7 group(P<0.05).The losses of backfat thickness and body weight during lactation period in FR0 group were significantly lower than those in FR3 and FR7 groups(P<0.05).The feed intake in the first week and whole of lactation period of lactating sows in FR0 group was significantly higher than that in FR3 group(P<0.05),but the ADG during suckling period of piglets was not significantly different between the two groups(P>0.05).2)No significant difference was found in milk composition among all groups(P>0.05).3)Compared with FR7 group,sow’s plasma prolactin,ghrelin and leptin contents in FR0 and FR3 groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),and insulin and cortisol contents were significantly decreased(P<0.05).The plasma urea nitrogen content in FR0 group was significantly higher than that in FR7 group(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between FR0 and FR3 groups(P>0.05).No significant differences in plasma glucose and triglyceride contents were found among all groups(P>0.05).In conclusion,postpartum feeding pattern affects feed intake,the losses of backfat thickness and body weight,and physiological metabolism of lactating sows.Under this experiment condition,the feed intake and lactation performance of modern lactating sows can be improved when fed ad libitum or a short-time(3 days)feeding restriction after farrowing,and ad libitum feeding should be the appropriate feeding pattern.