增效液体氮肥在苏打盐碱土中的应用效果研究

为改善苏打盐碱土区的玉米生长状况并提高氮肥肥效，本研究以尿素硝酸铵溶液、氮肥增效剂、调酸剂等材料制备增效液体氮肥（Effectively Urea Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizer，简称Eff UAN），在吉林省西部苏打盐碱土区开展田间试验，验证其在滴灌施肥和常规施肥模式下的应用效果。试验结果表明，在滴灌施肥与常规施肥两种模式下，增效液体氮肥与传统尿素和尿素硝酸铵溶液相比，玉米产量提高10.2%～18.5%，氮肥利用率提高8.1～18.2个百分点，氮素损失率降低 9.5～23.7 个百分点。在玉米生育期内使表层土壤（15 cm）的 pH 值从 8.8 降低到 7.5～7.7。两种施肥模式下增效液体氮肥都能够显著改善植株的农艺性状（株高、茎粗和叶面积）。综上，增效液体氮肥可以有效降低生育期内土壤的pH值，改善植株地上部农艺性状，进一步提高玉米产量和氮肥利用率，降低氮素损失。

Study on the Application Effect of Liquid Nitrogen Fertilizer for Soda Saline-Alkali Soil at Seedling Stage

To improve maize growth and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency in soda saline- alkali soil region, this study prepared Effectively Urea Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizer(Eff UAN) with urea ammonium nitrate fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer synergist and acid regulating agent. Field experiments were carried out in the soda saline-alkali soil area in the west of Jilin province to verify the application effect of drip irrigation and conventional fertilization. The results showed that compared with traditional urea and urea ammonium nitrate solution, the yield of maize was increased by 10.2%-18.5%, the nitrogen use efficiency was increased by 8.1-18.2 percentage points, and the nitrogen loss rate was decreased by 9.5-23.7 percentage points under drip irrigation and conventional fertilization. The pH value of the topsoil(15 cm) decreased from 8.8 to 7.5-7.7 during the maize growth period. The agronomic traits (plant height, stem diameter and leaf area) of the plants were significantly improved by the synergistic liquid nitrogen under the two fertilization modes. In conclusion, synergistic liquid nitrogen fertilizer can effectively reduce the soil pH value during the growth period, improve the aboveground agronomic traits of the plant, further increase maize yield and N use efficiency, and reduce N loss.