Comparative pharmacokinetics of ampicillin trihydrate, gentamicin sulphate and oxytetracycline hydrochloride in Nubian goats and desert sheep |
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| Authors: | H.A. ELSHEIKH,I.A. OSMAN,& B.H. ALI |
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| Affiliation: | Department of Veterinary Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Khartoum, PO Box 32, Khartoum North, Sudan,;Desert and Marine Environment Research Center, U.A.E. University, PO Box 17777, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates |
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| Abstract: | In this investigation the pharmacokinetics of three commonly used antibiotics, ampicillin trihydrate (10 mg/kg), gentamicin sulphate (3 mg/kg) and oxytetracycline hydrochloride (5 mg/kg), given intravenously, were each studied in five Nubian goats and five desert sheep. The pharmacokinetic parameters were described by a two-compartment open model. The results indicated that there were significant differences between the two species in some kinetic parameters of ampicillin and oxytetracycline but not gentamicin. Ampicillin elimination half life ( t 1/2β) in goats (1.20 h) was shorter than that in sheep (2.48 h), and its clearance ( Cl ) significantly higher in goats (2921mL/h·kg) compared to sheep (262 mL/h·kg) ( P < 0.01). Ampicillin volume of distribution ( V darea) was found to be significantly larger in goats (5673 mL/kg) than in sheep (992 mL/kg) ( P < 0.01). For oxytetracycline, the t 1/2β in goats (3.89 h) was significantly shorter than that in sheep (6.30 h) and the Cl value in goats (437 mL/h·kg) was significantly higher than in sheep (281 mL/h·kg). The results suggest that when treating sheep and goats, the pharmacokinetic differences between the two species must be considered in order to optimize the therapeutic doses of ampicillin and oxytetracycline. |
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