近30年闽南沿海乡村聚落用地空间演化过程研究

科学辨识乡村聚落用地空间演化过程是乡村振兴进程中优化乡村生产生活生态空间的重要依据。该研究选取厦门市集美区作为典型案例区,以1986—2017年4个时间点的遥感影像解译数据为基础,利用标准差椭圆、核密度和空间自相关等分析方法,定量识别了近30年集美区乡村聚落用地空间演化过程及其机理。结果表明:集美区乡村聚落密度分布存在空间异质性,中、高密度区域集中分布于农业区位条件良好的中部地区;聚落演化过程以关联扩张方式为主导,乡村聚落用地收缩斑块空间分布呈现随机性,扩张斑块存在空间自相关性;地形地势因素和演化特点的共同作用,聚落用地基本空间格局保持稳定;聚落用地核密度分析和局部自相关分析,揭示了聚落演化与地理环境、产业演进和城乡关系变化紧密的关系,反映了集美区各发展阶段,城乡互动过程对乡村聚落空间演化的驱动特点及其内在机理。研究结果可为优化乡村聚落发展布局以及统筹乡村振兴规划与土地整治规划提供理论支撑和方法指导。

Spatial evolution process of rural settlement land in coastal areas of Southern Fujian in recent 30 years

Abstract: Scientific identification of the spatial evolution process of rural settlements is an important basis for optimizing the space of rural production, living and ecology in rural revitalization. In this paper, Jimei District of Xiamen city, which locates in the Southern Fujian Province, was selected as a typical study area. Based on the classification and interpretation data of remote sensing images at four time points from 1986 to 2017, the spatial evolution process and mechanism of rural settlement land in Jimei District in recent 30 years were quantitatively identified by using standard deviation ellipse, nuclear density and spatial autocorrelation analysis methods. The results showed that the density of rural settlement could be divided into background area, low density area, medium density area and high density area in Jimei District. There was spatial heterogeneity in the density distribution of rural settlements in Jimei District. The medium and high density areas were concentrated in central areas with good agricultural conditions. The high density areas were far away from the centers of urban and industrial mine. There were more obvious spatial continuity features between the high and low density area. The total area of rural settlements showed an increasing trend year by year. The evolution process of settlements was dominated by correlated expansion. Although the number of patches had decreased, the total area and average area of the settlements continued to increase. The combined impact of correlated expansion and contraction leaded to an increasing difference in the size between large and small settlements. With rapid development of urban-rural integration and rural economy, the hot spots of settlement expansion appeared in traditional agricultural industry concentration areas. With the settlement land around Jimei and Xinglin City transformed into state-owned land, the low-low cluster areas appeared. Combined with analysis of remote sensing image, the contracted settlements were closely related to urbanization and industrialization, and the settlements with good traffic location were more susceptible to urbanization and industrialization. The spatial distribution of contracted patches in rural settlements was random, and the spatial autocorrelation existed in the expanded patches. From 1986 to 2017, the expansion of rural settlements did not generate a signification cold zone, and the hotspot clustering pattern was dominated by high clusters in Jimei District. The basic spatial pattern of settlements remained stable due to the combination of topographic factors and evolution characteristics. It was found that there were spatial differences in the hot spots of settlement evolution in various periods by visualizing the rate and direction of the center of gravity of the settlements in each period. The core density analysis and partial autocorrelation analysis revealed a close relationship between settlement evolution and geographical environment, industrial evolution and urban and rural relationship change, and reflected the driving characteristics and internal mechanism of urban and rural interaction process of rural settlement spatial evolution in different development stages under the background of industrialization and urbanization in Jimei District. The results of this study could provide theoretical and methodological supports for optimizing development layout of rural settlements and coordinating rural revitalization planning and land remediation planning.