有机肥不同比例替代化肥对大棚莴苣生长的影响

为探索有机肥替代化肥的最佳比例,指导农户科学施肥,选择在大棚莴苣的基肥施用上开展有机肥不同比例替代化肥试验。采用田间小区试验,分别设置有机肥10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、100%的比例替代化肥处理和纯化肥区,采取三重复随机区组排列方式,研究对大棚莴苣株高、叶片数、鲜质量等指标的影响。结果表明:有机肥20%替代比例的处理在产量上表现最优,随着有机肥替代比例的增大,莴苣的增产效果并未显著增加,反而呈下降趋势;纯化肥区和有机肥30%、40%替代比例的处理产量不存在显著差异,但都显著高于有机肥10%、50%、100%替代处理区。在本试验条件下,有机肥20%替代化肥比例是莴苣的最佳施肥量,667 m~2产量达6 638 kg,比纯化肥处理区增产12.7%;有机肥30%和40%比例替代区的产量次之。建议有机肥替代化肥比例控制在20%～40%,既可综合利用畜禽粪便有机肥资源,又可达到化肥减量增效、保护农业生态环境等目标。

Effects of Organic Fertilizer of Different Proportions Replacing Chemical Fertilizer on the Growth of Lettuce in Greenhouse

Abstract: In order to explore the best proportion of organic fertilizer in place of chemical fertilizer and guide farmers to apply fertilizer scientifically, the experiment of organic fertilizer of different proportions instead of chemical fertilizer was carried out on the base fertilizer application of lettuce in greenhouse. A field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of organic fertilizer on plant height, leaf number and fresh weight of lettuce in greenhouse by using three-repetition random block arrangement and setting the proportions of organic fertilizer 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 100% instead of chemical fertilizer treatment and purified chemical fertilizer. The results showed that the treatment of 20% organic fertilizer substitution ratio had the best yield performance. With the increase of organic fertilizer substitution ratio, the yield of lettuce did not increase significantly, but decreased. There was no significant difference in yield between the treatment of 30%, 40% organic fertilizer substitution ratio and purified fertilizer area, but they were significantly higher than 10%, 50% and 100% organic fertilizer substitution treatment areas. Under the experimental conditions, 20% organic fertilizer substituted for chemical fertilizer was the best fertilizer application rate for lettuce. The yield per 667 m2 reached 6 638 kg, which was 12.7% higher than that in the purified fertilizer area, followed by 30%, 40% organic fertilizer substitution area. Therefore, it was suggested that the ratio of organic fertilizer to chemical fertilizer should be controlled between 20% and 40%. It could not only utilize the organic fertilizer resources of livestock and poultry manure comprehensively, but also achieve the goal of increasing the efficiency of chemical fertilizer reduction and protecting agricultural ecological environment.