施氮量对宁夏引黄灌区麦后复种糜子生长、产量及氮素利用的影响

为明确不同施氮量下糜子生长规律、产量表现以及氮素利用效率,分析糜子形态特征与产量和氮素利用的关系,同时确定宁夏引黄灌区麦后复种糜子的适宜施氮量,本研究于2019年和2020年以宁糜9号为材料, 2019年设0 (N0)、90 (N1)、120 (N2)和150 kg hm–2 (N3)纯氮水平, 2020年增设180 (N4)和210 kg hm–2 (N5)纯氮水平,以不施氮肥(N0)为对照在宁夏引黄灌区进行大田试验。结果表明,施氮显著促进糜子各生育时期株高、茎粗、叶面积、根系的生长和干物质的积累,但当施氮量超过150kghm^–2时,除茎粗和叶面积外,其余各生长指标出现下降趋势;根冠比随施氮量的增加呈先降低后升高再略微下降趋势,多数生育时期在N2处理根冠比达最小值,拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期分别为0.119、0.087、0.054和0.052。施氮显著促进糜子产量、千粒重和穗粒数增加,并且随施氮量的增加呈先增加后略微下降趋势,N2、N3处理促进效果最佳;N2、N3处理糜子产量分别为2979.41kghm^–2、3084.67 kg hm–...

Effects of nitrogen rate on growth,grain yield,and nitrogen utilization of multiple cropping proso millet after spring-wheat in Irrigation Area of Ningxia

The objective of this study is to clarify the growth rule,yield,and nitrogen utilization efficiency of proso millet under different nitrogen rates,the relationship between morphological characteristics and grain yield and nitrogen utilization was explored,and the suitable nitrogen rate for multiple cropping proso millet after spring-wheat in Irrigation Area of Ningxia was determined.The field experiments were conducted by single factor randomized block design,with four nitrogen rates [0(N0),90(N1),120(N2),and 150 kg hm^-2(N3)] were set in 2019,and six nitrogen rates [180(N4) and 210 kg hm^-2(N5) were added] in 2020.The results showed that the plant height,stem diameter,leaf area,root morphology,and dry matter accumulation at the key growth stages of proso millet were significantly promoted by nitrogen application,however,nitrogen application rate exceeded 150 kg hm^-2,these indexes declined slightly except for the stem diameter and leaf area.With the increase of nitrogen rate,the root-shoot ratio decreased first and then increased and then decreased slightly,and it reached the minimum under N2 treatment at most growth stages.The root-shoot ratio at jointing,heading,grain-filling and maturity stage under N2 treatment were 0.119,0.087,0.054,and 0.052,respectively.The grain yield,1000-grain weight,and grain number per plant were significantly increased by nitrogen application,and with the increase of nitrogen application rate,the yield increased initially then slightly decreased,and achieved the best effect in N2 and N3 treatments.The grain yields of N2 and N3 treatments were 2979.41 kg hm^-2 and 3084.67 kg hm^-2,respectively,which were 76.22% and 83.21% higher than those of N0 treatment.Nitrogen harvest index(NHI),nitrogen fertilizer apparent recovery rate(NRE),agronomic efficiency(NAE),and partial productivity(NPFP) under N2 treatment were 60.23%,61.81%,10.77 kg kg^-1,and 24.83 kg kg^-1,respectively.Furthermore,grain yield was significantly positively correlated with each growth index,and there was significant positive correlation between each growth index,and the root morphological characteristics were significantly positively correlated with nitrogen accumulation.These results revealed that nitrogen application could improve the root morphological characteristics of proso millet to promote the absorption of nitrogen,and further promote the growth of canopy,which was conductive to yield formation.In view of the growth,grain yield and nitrogen utilization,the reasonable nitrogen rate for multiple cropping proso millet in Irrigation Area of Ningxia was 120–150 kg hm^-2.