滴灌定额对棉花株型、产量及纤维品质的影响

在膜下滴灌条件下，以新陆早45号为试验材料，设5个滴灌定额处理（W₁：600 m³·hm^-2，W₂：540 m³·hm^-2；W₃：480 m³·hm^-2，W₄：420 m³·hm^-2，W₅：360 m³·hm^-2），研究棉花农艺性状、成铃模式、产量及纤维品质对滴灌定额的响应。结果表明：随滴灌定额的减少，棉花株高表现为W₂>W₁>W₃>W₄>W₅，果枝台数和蕾花铃总数（8月10日）均以W₁处理最大，分别为9台和13.8个，W₅处理最小，分别为8.75台和10.2个，其中W₁与W₂处理上、中、下部铃数及铃重均无显著差异。棉花籽棉和皮棉产量均以W₁处理最高，达到6 431 kg·hm^-2和2 520 kg·hm^-2，但与W₂处理间均无显著差异。棉纤维长度、整齐度、断裂比在W₁和W₂处理间无显著差异，W₃、W₄、W₅处理棉纤维长度、整齐度较W₁处理分别低0.4、1.1、1.6 mm和0.5%、0.7%、0.9%。因此，控制滴灌定额在540 m³·hm^-2，可在不显著降低棉花产量和纤维品质的前提下，提高水资源利用效率。

Effects of drip irrigation quota on plant shape, yield and fiber quality of cotton

With drip irrigation under film, 5 drip irrigation quota treatments (W₁:600 m³·hm^-2, W₂:540 m³·hm^-2; W₃:480 m³·hm^-2, W₄:420 m³·hm^-2, W₅:360 m³·hm^-2) were set up with the test material of XinluZao No. 45. The response of cotton agronomic traits, boll mode, yield and fiber quality to drip irrigation quota was studied. The results showed that with the decrease of drip irrigation quota, the plant height of cotton with all treatments was in the order of W₂> W₁> W₃> W₄> W₅. The number of fruit branches and the total number of buds, flowers and bolls (August 10) were the largest under W₁ treatment, which was 9 and 13.8, respectively, and the smallest occurred in W₅ treatment, which was 8.75 and 10.2, respectively. There was no significant difference in the upper, middle and lower parts of W₁ treatment and W₂ treatment. Cottonseed and lint yields were the highest in W₁ treatment, reaching 6 431 kg·hm^-2 and 2 520 kg·hm^-2, but there was no significant difference between W₂ and W₁ treatment. There was no significant difference in cotton fiber length, uniformity and specific strength between W₁ and W₂ treatments. The length and uniformity of cotton fiber in W₃, W₄ and W₅ treatments were 0.4 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.6 mm, and 0.5%, 0.7% and 0.9%, respectively, lower than that in W₁ treatment. Therefore, the control of drip irrigation quota at 540 m³·hm^-2can improve water use efficiency without significantly reducing the cotton yield and fiber quality.