多维产业引导的鄂西生态圈农村居民点整理模式及分区

农村居民点承载了农户生产和生活的重要功能,是农村人地关系的核心表现。针对中国农居点分布散乱、经济贫困和功能性弱的现状,开展因地制宜的整理模式研究将有助于推动乡村空间重构进程。产业发展作为乡村振兴的核心动力,是农村居民点整理规划中的关键要素。现有关于产业与整理模式的研究多强调生产空间的可达性、适宜性与协调性,较少探讨产业现状及其发展前景所产生的多维引导与带动作用。该研究面向中国鄂西生态圈农村居民点落后散乱以及生态农业潜力大、水平低的特点,选取鹤峰县邬阳乡为研究区,基于产业引导、统筹协调的思路,从产业发展、生活便利和生态健康3个方面综合评价农居点发展潜力,并在此基础上,从产业现状水平、产业辐射能力与产业融合潜力3个维度出发,开展顾及产业现状影响与多元发展前景的农居点整理模式识别分析。研究结果表明,试验区整理模式主要包括统筹协调发展型、产业稳定发展型、产业辐射带动型、产业融合引导型和产业调整培育型5种,在空间上以邬阳村为中心向外呈现圈层分布,存在多样化的未来发展格局。差异化的农村居民点整理模式是确保其实际落地的关键,该研究通过结合地域特征及区域规划,构建的多维产业引导下的农居点整理模式及分区,对创新农村居民点整理模式理论与实践有一定的指导意义,有望助力"乡村振兴"战略和"产业扶贫"政策的具体实施。

Zoning of rural residential consolidation in western Hubei eco-zone under guidance of multi-dimensional industry

Abstract: Rural settlements bear the important functions of farmers'' production and life, which is the core expression of the human-land relationship in rural areas. In order to meet the production demand, farmers tend to establish settlements close to various industries. The development of secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas is backward, and settlements are mainly scattered around cultivated land. In view of the scattered distribution, economic poverty and functional weakness in rural settlements, the study on the consolidation mode based on local conditions will effectively promote the process of rural spatial reconstruction. Industrial development, as the core power of rural revitalization, is a key factor in the planning of rural settlements. Under the background of "national spatial planning" policy and "rural revitalization" policy, rural development should be comprehensive and multi-dimensional, emphasizing the people-oriented, spatial carrier and industrial development as the core driving force to realize the coordinated development of rural nature, society, economy and ecological system, as well as the comprehensive improvement of production, ecology, life and cultural functions. As an activity to improve farmers'' production, living conditions and rural ecological environment, rural settlement consolidation should emphasize the evaluation of total factors of the relationship between people and the life community of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses, as well as the coordination of production, life and ecological space. Existing studies on industry and consolidation mode mostly focus on the accessibility, suitability and coordination of production space, and seldom discuss the multi-dimensional guidance and driving effect of industry status and development prospect. In terms of the study areas, there is little attention paid to the township. As "industry first" is the key to "targeted poverty alleviation" policy, researches which study in township areas will be more accurate and effective to implement the "industrial poverty alleviation" policy. In the above conditions, this paper took Wuyang Township as a case study, which is located in western Hubei eco-zone. Based on industrial guiding and overall coordination, we carried out comprehensive assessments of the development potential in rural settlements dominated by multi-dimensional industry, and identified the consolidation modes and development directions according to industry status, industry radiation and industry convergence. The results showed that the consolidation modes of the study area mainly included five categories: comprehensive development mode, steady industry development mode, industry radiation mode, industry convergence mode and industry cultivation mode, which were distributed in circles with Wuyang Village as the centre. Differentiated consolidation modes of rural settlements are the keys to ensure the actual implementation of consolidation plans, this work constructs the novel consolidation modes and zoning of rural settlements under the guidance of multi-dimensional industry, which can make the regional characteristic organic industry and tourism industry reach the coordination stage, guarantee the rural ecological security, and promote the integrated development of industry. What is more, this paper breaks through the restriction of administrative boundaries, so as to combine the capital and technology of advanced villages with the natural resources and labour force of backward villages under the condition of clear property rights. In this way, we can solve the shortage of unbalanced development among villages, strengthening the collective economy and promoting the rapid development of rural local industries. This work is expected to contribute to the implementation of the "rural revitalization" strategy and the "industrial poverty alleviation" policy.