基于湖泊(水库)沉积物分析的土壤侵蚀研究

土壤侵蚀作为全球性的环境问题之一,受自然和人为因素的共同影响。而湖泊(水库)沉积物作为流域物质迁移的“汇”,可以连续、高分辨率地记录流域土壤侵蚀的信息。通过湖泊沉积指标的研究,可以反演流域土壤侵蚀过程、演化规律。与流域人类活动、气候变化等自然因素综合分析,可对流域土壤侵蚀发生机制等做出科学论断,为目前水土流失治理等提供参考依据。介绍了基于湖泊(水库)沉积物的放射性同位素示踪研究、矿物与磁性分析、粒度分析、孢粉、元素地球化学分析方法应用于土壤侵蚀的研究进展,并对其应用前景做了瞻望。

Soil Erosion Investigations Based on Analyses of Sediment in Lakes and Reservoirs

Soil erosion,as one of the major global environmental concerns,is usually the result from both natural and human factors.Sediment in lakes and reservoirs can continuously record the history of soil erosion with a high resolution in drainage basins of those water bodies,and therefore analyses of it have been becoming an important approach of investigation of occurrence and persistence of soil erosion.Furthermore,an understanding of the process and mechanism of material migration within a lake-watershed system,interactions of lake evolution with human activities and their quantitative distinction is the focus of limnology.This paper reviews the development of applications of radioactive trace isotopes,magnetic minerals,particle size,carbon,nitrogen and other chemical elements of lake/reservoir sediment in soil erosion investigations,and elucidates their further utilizations and advances.