元谋干热河谷象甲多样性初步研究

在元谋干热河谷采用震落法对10种植被类型的象甲多样性进行调查。结果表明,3种类型的自然生态系统中,云南松-栎林个体数量最多、物种最丰富、狭栖种最多、优势度最低、多样性最高,而牛筋条-黄荆林和明油子-扭黄茅灌草丛物种较贫乏、无狭栖种、多样性较低;7种类型的人工生态系统中,石榴林象甲个体数量较多、物种较丰富、狭栖种较多、优势度较低、均匀度较高,是多样性最高的人工生态系统;木亡果林次之,云南松林物种丰富度低于石榴林及木亡果林,高于其他恢复时间较短的人工生态系统及处于退化的牛筋条-黄荆林和明油子-扭黄茅灌草丛,同时具有较多的狭栖种;印楝-明油子林、木豆-余甘子林和印楝-久树林在恢复过程中尚未形成多样性较高的象甲群落;龙眼林木、亡果林和石榴林,农药使用频繁,其象甲群落主要建立在林下的草本及地被物层。象甲物种多样性与土壤养分、植被恢复时间长短、恢复措施和经营措施存在一定关系。

A Primary Study on Weevil Diversity in Arid-hot Valleys, Yuanmou, Yunnan

Weevil diversity was investigated in 10 vegetation types by shaking-off collection in arid-hot valleys,Yuanmou,Yunnan.The results were as follow: In 3 natural ecosystems,numbers of captured individuals,species and stenoecious species were the most,predominant index was the lowest,diversity index was the highest in Pinus yunnanensis-Quercus forest,and there were fewer species,no stenoecious species,low diversity index in Dichotomanthus tristaniaecarpa-Vitex negundo forest and Dodonaea angustifolia-Heteropogonetea contortus scrub and grass clump.In 7 artificial ecosystems,captured individuals,species and stenoecious species were the most,predominant index was the lowest,diversity index and evenness index were the highest in Punica granatum plantation forest,for these 6 indexes,Mangifera indica plantation forest lay the second place.Species richness in P.yunnanensis plantation forest was lower than that in P.granatum plantation forest and in M.indica plantation forest,species richness and stenoecious species were higher than those in other artificial ecosystems,and in D.tristaniaecarpa-negundo forest and in D.angustifoliaH.contortus scrub and grass clump.Weevil community with higher diversity had not been formed in Azadirachta indica-Dodonaea angustifolia plantation forest,A.indica-Schleichera oleosa plantation forest and Cajanus cajan-Phyllanthus emblica plantation forest.Weevils could only be found in grass and ground cover for pesticide usage in Dimocarpus longan plantation forest,M.indica plantation forest and P.granatum plantation forest.There were certain relationships between weevil diversity and soil nutrient,restoration time,restoration,and management measures.