圆褐固氮菌对春小麦产量和氮肥利用效率的影响

利用盆栽和田间试验,探讨了圆褐固氮菌Azotobacter chroococcum beijerinckN45及用其研制的生物氮肥对春小麦产量和氮肥利用效率的影响,旨在为生物氮肥的研制及其与化学氮肥的最佳配比用量提供理论依据。结果表明,盆栽试验中供试菌株N45具有对春小麦的增产作用和对氮肥利用效率的促进作用。将其研制为生物氮肥后,其效果在田间得到了很好的再现,盆栽与田间试验均是与半量化学氮肥配施效果最佳,相比同量化肥处理分别提高春小麦秸秆产量12.70%和16.34%;籽粒产量15.31%和11.77%;氮素收获指数0.68%和0.13%;氮肥农学利用率30.37%和59.39%;氮素吸收利用率26.53%和88.66%;氮肥偏生产力15.27%和11.77%;氮肥生理利用率12.24%和35.24%,同时还能够提高秸秆和籽粒中全氮、全磷和全钾的累积量。

EFFECTS OF Azotobacter chroococcum BEIJERINCK ON YIELD AND FERTILIZER N USE EFFICIENCY OF SPRING WHEAT

Pot and field trials were conducted to study effects of Azotobacter chroococcum beijerinck N45 and the developed biological nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and fertilizer N use efficiency of spring wheat, and aimed to provide a theoretical basis on developing biological nitrogen fertilizer and determine the best ratio of biological nitrogen fertilizer with chemical nitrogen. Results showed that the developed Azotobacter chroococcum beijerinck N45 biological nitrogen fertilizer could increase spring wheat yield and improve the ues efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in the pot trial, and the most significant effect was found at the application combined with half amount of chemical nitrogen in the pot and field trials. Compared with the same amount of chemical nitrogen treatment, spring wheat straw yield 15.31% and 11.77%, grain yield increased by 12.70% and 16.34%, nitrogen harvest index 0.68% and 0.13%, N agronomy efficiency 30.37% and 59.39%, fertilizer N use efficiency 26.53% and 88.66%, partial factor productivity from applied N 15.27% and 11.77%, physiological efficiency of applied N 12.24% and 35.24% in the pot and field trials, respectively. Meanwhile, it improved the in total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in spring wheat straw and grain.