天津市糯玉米区域试验品种研究进展分析

采用比较的方法,对2007～2009年参加天津市糯玉米区域试验的品种数量、来源、品质、产量和抗病虫能力进行了分析。结果表明：3 a来有4个参试糯玉米品种的品质达到1级评分标准,多数品种的品质能达到2级标准,但糯性和果皮薄厚指标没有较大突破;多数参试品种的产量为10 501～15 000 kg/hm2,产量〉15 000 kg/hm2的品种较少。参试糯玉米品种的丝黑穗病和粗缩病感病率有明显下降趋势;黑粉病有上升趋势,2009年感病率达到1.05%,个别品种达到8.38%;2007年玉米螟发生率最高,侵害率达到了7.44%,2009年逐渐下降到0.01%。针对目前天津市的育种实力和消费市场,天津市的糯玉米育种工作应着重糯性和果皮薄厚等品质指标,兼顾提高鲜穗产量以及抗黑粉病和抗玉米螟能力的目标,因此,要在注重收集和改良种质资源、变换育种方法的同时,还要关注栽培措施和最佳采收期的研究。

Study on the Development of Waxy Corn Varieties Regional Test in Tianjin

Using comparative method,the quantity,origin,quality,yield,diseases resistance and pests resistance in waxy corn variety regional tests from 2007 to 2009 in Tianjin were analyzed.The results indicated that there were 4 varieties reached Grade I;most of other tested varieties reached Grade II,but their waxy trait and the thickness of bran needed to be improved.Most tested varieties had yields of 10 501~15 000 kg/hm2,but rarely higher than 15 000 kg/hm2.The incidence of corn head smut and rough dwarf had obviously decreasing trend,but the incidence of corn smut increased,which reached 1.05% and even 8.38% in certain variety in 2009.The incidence of corn borer was the most serious in 2007,which reached 7.44%,but decreased to 0.01% by 2009.According to the corn breeding ability and consumption market in Tianjin,waxy corn variety research should focus on the waxy trait,thickness of bran and corn borer and smut resistances.More attention should be paid on the germplasm resources collection,breeding approach improvement,cultivation practices adjustment and best harvest time determination in future studies.