Apparent Rapid Loss of Endocrine Disruptors from Wetlands Used to Store Either Tertiary Treated Sewage Effluent or Stormwater Runoff

The disruption of endocrine systems due to environmental contaminants potentially impacts on the developmental, behavioural, regulatory and reproductive systems of animals. A major source of exposure of animals (terrestrial and aquatic) to endocrine-disrupting compounds is through contact with contaminated surface waters contaminated with sewage effluent and/or stormwater discharge. We studied the response to endocrine-disrupting compounds of Gambusia holbrooki mosquito fish resident of wetlands that were used for the storage of either treated sewage effluent or stormwater runoff. We found that fish from wetlands that received polluted waters directly from the source (treated sewage effluent or stormwater runoff) demonstrated a morphological response consistent with endocrine disruption. In contrast, fish in the second in the series of wetlands that housed treated sewage effluent did not show evidence of such response. However, those from the second in the series of stormwater receiving wetlands did display a morphological response, although it could be considered milder than was observed in fish from the first in this effluent stream. Fish were also smaller in the wetland that received sewage effluent directly from the sewage treatment plant than elsewhere. Although the differences were not statistically significant, the average size of fish in the first in the series of stormwater wetlands were also small and second only to those in the first sewage effluent wetland.