氮磷减量与液体有机肥配施对膜下滴灌棉田土壤养分的影响

以新疆膜下滴灌棉田为试材,研究氮磷减量与液体有机肥配施对膜下滴灌棉田土壤养分的影响。试验设11个处理:(1)常规施肥(NP);(2)80%常规施肥(80%NP);(3)80%常规施肥+低量氨基酸有机肥(80%NP+LAA);(4)80%常规施肥+中量氨基酸有机肥(80%NP+MAA);(5)80%常规施肥+高量氨基酸有机肥(80%NP+HAA);(6)80%常规施肥+低量黄腐酸有机肥(80%NP+LFA);(7)80%常规施肥+中量黄腐酸有机肥(80%NP+MFA);(8)80%常规施肥+高量黄腐酸有机肥(80%NP+HFA);(9)80%常规施肥+低量沼液有机肥(80%NP+LBS);(10)80%常规施肥+中量沼液有机肥(80%NP+MBS);(11)80%常规施肥+高量沼液有机肥(80%NP+HBS);分别在蕾期、花期、成熟期采集0～20、20～40 cm土层土壤,测定土壤pH值、有机质、氮、磷、钾等有效养分含量。研究结果表明:(1)蕾期时,80%常规施肥配施高量黄腐酸、沼液有机肥显著降低了0～20 cm土层土壤pH值,并对提高土壤速效氮、速效磷含量效果最好。(2)花期时,80%常规施肥配施高量沼液有机肥对提高0～20 cm土层土壤有机质、速效磷含量效果最好。(3)成熟期时,80%常规施肥配施高量沼液有机肥对降低0～20 cm土层土壤pH值、提高土壤有机质含量效果最好。综上所述,新疆滴灌棉田应用80%常规施肥配施高量沼液有机肥效果最好,是新疆滴灌棉田提高土壤肥力和肥料利用率的有效途径。

Effects of liquid organic fertilizers with reduced N and P fertilizer application on soil nutrient of drip irrigated cotton field under plastic film mulching

The effects of different proportions of manure and chemical fertilizer on soil nutrition were studied in a yearlong experiment in cotton field under drip irrigation. Eleven treatments were conducted including (1) common urea; (2) 80% common urea; (3) 80% common urea + low content amino acid (80%NP + LAA); (4) 80%common urea + medium content amino acid; (5) 80% common urea + high content amino acid; (6) 80% common urea + low content humic acid; (7) 80% common urea + medium content humic acid; (8) 80% common urea + high content humic acid; (9) 80% common urea + low content biogas slurry; (10) 80% common urea + medium content biogas slurry; (11) 80% common urea + high content biogas slurry. At the bud, flowering, and the mature stages, the soil samples were collected from 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil layers in the cotton field and soil pH and contents of organic matter, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) were measured. The results showed that: (1) 80% common urea combine high content humic acid and biogas slurry significantly decreased the soil pH in 0~20 cm soil than common urea at bud stage did. It had the best effect to improve the contents of available N and P; (2) 80% common urea combine high content biogas slurry significantly had the best effect in improving the organic matter and available P in 0~20 cm soil layer than common urea at flowering stage did; (3) 80% common urea with high content biogas slurry significantly increased the organic matter and decreased pH of 0~20 cm soil layer than common urea at mature stage did. In conclusion, 80% common urea with high content biogas slurry had the best effects. It is one of the effective ways to improve the soil fertility and fertilizer utilization in cotton field under drip irrigation in Xinjiang.