滴灌灌水均匀系数对温室番茄生长的影响

为探究适宜温室番茄生长的滴灌灌水均匀系数,试验设置了65%(C1)、75%(C2)、85%(C3)不同滴灌灌水均匀系数及190 mm(I1),220 mm(I2),250 mm(I3)不同的灌水量处理,以裂区试验法研究各处理对番茄生长、光合色素及品质的影响。结果表明,滴灌灌水均匀系数对番茄株高增长无显著影响(P0.05),对茎粗增长有显著影响(P0.01),灌水量、灌水量与灌水均匀系数二者的交互作用对株高、茎粗增长无显著影响(P0.05);灌水量对番茄可溶性糖、番茄红素、维生素C、可溶性固形物(除有机酸)均有极显著影响(P0.01),灌水均匀系数及二者的交互作用对以上番茄品质指标无显著影响(P0.05);在灌水量、灌水均匀系数及二者的交互作用对果实形态指数均无显著性影响(P0.05)。灌水均匀系数为75%、灌水量为190 mm条件下番茄综合品质最佳。整个生育期内滴灌灌水均匀系数65%～85%处理下,土壤含水率均匀系数为85%～95%,能满足番茄生长需要,因此针对西北地区温室作物建议下调现行滴灌灌水均匀系数标准。

Effects of drip irrigation uniformity coefficient on tomato growth in solar greenhouse

In order to explore the reasonable uniformity coefficient of drip irrigation on tomato growth in solar greenhouse, the experiment set three different drip irrigation uniformity levels, 65% (C1), 75% (C2), and 85% (C3), and three different irrigation levels, 190 mm (I1), 220 mm (I2), and 250 mm (I3). The results showed that the uniformity coefficient of drip irrigation had no significant effects on plant stem height and plant height growth (P>0.05), and had significant effects on stem growth (P<0.01) while the irrigation amount and the interaction between the irrigation uniformity coefficient and the irrigation amount had no significant effects on the growth of stem height (P>0.05). The irrigation amount had significant effects (P<0.01) on tomato quality indexes such as soluble sugar, lycopene, vitamin C, and soluble solids (except organic acid), but, the irrigation uniformity coefficient and the interaction between two factors had no significant effects (P>0.05) on tomato quality index. Irrigation amount, uniformity coefficient of irrigation, and the interaction between the two factors had no significant effects on fruit shape index (P>0.05). Therefore, when the uniformity coefficient of irrigation was 75% and the irrigation amount was 190 mm, the quality of tomato was the best. Under the whole growth period, the uniformity coefficient of drip irrigation was 65%~85%, and the uniformity coefficient of soil moisture content was 85%~95%, which met the needs of tomato growth. Therefore, it is possible to consider reducing the current standard of drip irrigation uniformity coefficient of greenhouse crops in the northwest region.