氮、磷、钾及其配施对制种玉米养分吸收利用的影响

采用随机区组试验,设不施肥(CK)、缺氮(PK, P_2O_5∶K20=138∶72)、缺磷(NK, N∶K_20=448.5∶72)、缺钾(NP, N∶P_2O_5=448.5∶138)、氮磷钾配施(N∶P_2O_5∶K_2O=448.5∶138∶72)5个处理,研究河西地区氮、磷、钾及其配施对制种玉米养分吸收、肥料利用率和产量的影响。结果表明:氮磷钾配施(NPK)对制种玉米生物量的累积有明显促进作用,增产效果显著,产量达到9 834.0 kg·hm~(-2),缺氮(PK)、缺磷(NK)、缺钾(NP)处理产量分别较氮磷钾配施(NPK)降低6.06%、10.07%和4.88%。产量的主要限制因子依次为磷、氮和钾。氮磷钾配施处理的氮、磷、钾肥料利用率分别为22.64%、26.82%和60.10%,氮、磷、钾肥农学效率分别为N 1.33 kg·kg~(-1),P_2O_5 7.17 kg·kg~(-1),K_2O 6.66 kg·kg~(-1)。因此,河西地区制种玉米生产中应重视磷、钾肥的施用,加强氮肥的节肥增效管理。

Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and their combined application on nutrient absorption and utilization of seed maize

A randomized block experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) and their combined application on nutrient absorption, fertilizer utilization efficiency, and yield of seed maize production. The experiment included no fertilizer (CK), N deficiency (PK), P deficiency (NK), K deficiency (NP), combination N, P, and K (NPK). The results showed that the combined N, P, and K application obviously promoted biomass accumulation and yield of maize seed production, the yield of NPK treatment reached 9 834.0 kg·hm^-2, the yields of N deficiency (PK), P deficiency (NK), and K deficiency (NP) treatments decreased by 6.06%, 10.07%, and 4.88%, respectively, compared with NPK treatment. The limiting factors of yield were P, N, and K in order. The utilization efficiency of N, P, and K fertilizer under NPK treatment were 22.64%, 26.82%, and 60.10%, respectively. The agronomic efficiency of N, P, and K fertilizer was 1.33 kg·kg^-1 of N, 7.17 kg·kg^-1 of P₂O₅, and 6.66 kg·kg^-1 of K₂O, respectively. Therefore, we should pay attention to the application of P and K fertilizer and strengthen the management of N fertilizer for maize seed production in Hexi region.