青藏高原东缘不同恢复措施对披针叶黄华繁殖构件及资源分配的影响

以青藏高原东缘不同恢复措施草地中典型毒杂草披针叶黄华(Thermopsis lanceolata)为研究对象,通过设置放牧、围封和综合措施(围封+施肥+划破+补播)3种不同处理,比较披针叶黄华形态特征、器官生物量和资源投资状况,以揭示不同恢复措施对披针叶黄华繁殖分配的影响.结果表明:围封和综合措施显著降低了披针叶黄华的生殖枝高、营养枝高、每株分枝数、花和荚果数量(P<0.05).围封比放牧处理显著增加了披针叶黄华的根系生物量和生殖投资,显著降低了茎叶投资(P<0.05);综合措施比围封处理显著降低了披针叶黄华的总生物量、地上部生物量、花和荚果重以及生殖投资(P<0.05).3种处理下披针叶黄华的茎叶生物量与总生物量之间极显著相关(P<0.01).植物可以通过调整繁殖对策来适应环境的变化,围封对严重退化草地上披针叶黄华的防控效果并不理想,需要结合施肥、划破、补播措施才能使其得到有效的防控.

Effects of Different Restoration Measures on the Reproductive Module and Resource Allocation of Thermopsis lanceolata in the Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

The study on Thermopsis lanceolata under different restoration measures (grazing, fencing and comprehensive cultivations) was carried out to find out the characteristics of morphology, organ biomass and resource allocation. The results indicated that fencing and comprehensive cultivations could significantly decrease the heights of reproductive branches, the heights of vegetative branches, the number of branches per plant, the number of flowers and pods per plant (P<0.05). Compared with the grazing treatment, fencing treatment significantly increased root biomass and reproductive investment (P<0.05), significantly reduced stem and leaf investment (P<0.05); Compared with the fencing treatment, comprehensive cultivation significantly decreased total biomass, over-ground biomass, flower and pod biomass and reproductive investment (P<0.05). Stem and leaf biomass of Thermopsis lanceolata was extremely correlated with total biomass under different restoration measures (P<0.01). Plant could adjust the reproductive strategy to adapt environmental changes. It was found that fencing treatment could not control the noxious weed effectively, so the comprehensive cultivations would be a better solution to control the noxious weed.