Increasing maturity reduces wound response and lignification processes against Penicillium expansum (pathogen) and Penicillium digitatum (non-host pathogen) infection in apples |
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| Affiliation: | 1. IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain;2. Food Technology Department, Lleida University, XaRTA-Postharvest, Agrotecnio Center, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain;1. Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States;2. Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States;3. Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States;4. Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;1. The University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Biology Department, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V1V7, Canada;2. British Columbia Tree Fruits Cooperative, 9751 Bottom Wood Lake Road, Lake Country, British Columbia, V4V1SF, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Penicillium expansum is the main postharvest pathogen of pome fruit and is a necrotrophic fungus that requires wounds to infect the fruit. Therefore, injuries caused during harvest and postharvest handling provide an optimal locus for infection. In this study, the effect of wound response in apples harvested at three different maturity stages and stored at two different temperatures (20 and 0 °C) infected with P. expansum (pathogen) and Penicillium digitatum (non-host pathogen) was evaluated. The effect of wounding and pathogen inoculation on lignin content was also quantified. At 20 °C, less decay incidence and severity were observed when time between wounding and inoculation increased, and these differences were more important in fruit from immature and commercial harvests. However, at 0 °C, wound response was too slow to prevent P. expansum infection. Lignin content was highest in fruit from the immature harvest. Our results indicated that maturity and storage temperature play an important role in apple wound response. This is the first report demonstrating that P. digitatum, a non-host pathogen, was able to develop rots in over-mature apples. |
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| Keywords: | Blue mould Green mould Maturity stage Wound response Lignin Defence |
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