Generation of reactive oxygen species by a novel anthraquinone derivative in the cyanobacterium Planktothrix perornata (Skuja) |
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Authors: | Kevin K Schrader Franck E Dayan |
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Institution: | a United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, National Center for Natural Products Research, P.O. Box 8048, University, MS 38677, USA b National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA |
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Abstract: | A water-soluble anthraquinone derivative (2-methylamino-N-(1′-methylethyl)]-9,10-anthraquinone monophosphate), previously found to be selectively toxic towards Planktothrix perornata at submicromolar concentrations, was studied to determine its toxic mode of action towards this cyanobacterium. Chlorophyll fluorescence was monitored as an indicator of photosynthetic efficiency, and measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was performed using the ROS-sensitive probe 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. The effects of the herbicide paraquat (a ROS generator) as well as ascorbate and α-tocopherol (ROS scavengers) on ROS formation by P. perornata were studied. Also, the effects of different concentrations of ascorbate, α-tocopherol, and the herbicide diuron on reducing the toxicity of the water-soluble anthraquinone derivative towards P. perornata were determined. Our results indicate that the water-soluble anthraquinone derivative does not inhibit photosynthetic electron transport directly, but does generate ROS at levels that may cause toxicity towards P. perornata. |
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Keywords: | Anthraquinone Catfish Cyanobacteria 2-Methylisoborneol Reactive oxygen species |
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