不同培肥模式下闽东茶园水土及其氮磷流失特征

[目的]研究不同培肥模式对闽东茶园水土及其氮磷流失的影响,为该区茶园水土流失评价及防控提供科学依据。[方法]通过径流小区试验,设置6个处理:全量化肥(NPK),半量化肥+半量有机肥(1/2NPKOM),全量有机肥(OM),全量化肥+豆科绿肥(NPKL),半量化肥+半量有机肥+豆科绿肥(1/2NPKOM+L)和不施肥(CK)。[结果]不同培肥处理下径流流失量的大小顺序为:OM1/2NPKOMCKNPKL1/2NPKOM+LNPK,泥沙流失量表现为:OM1/2NPKOMNPKLCKNPK1/2NPKOM+L;OM处理中径流携带的全氮、可溶性氮、硝态氮、铵态氮、全磷、可溶性磷等氮磷组分的流失量均较高,而1/2NPKOM+L中这些氮磷组分流失量则相对较低,且泥沙结合态的全氮、全磷流失量在各处理中也有类似的变化规律。[结论]1/2NPKOM+L处理在减控茶园水土及其氮磷流失方面具有良好的保土保肥效果。

Effect of Different Fertilization Patterns on Losses of Soil, Water and Nitrogen, Phosphorus from Tea Garden in Eastern Fujian Province

[Objective] The effect of fertilization patterns on losses of soil, water and nitrogen, phosphorus from tea garden in eastern Fujian Province was studied in order to provide a scientific basis for evaluation and prevention and control of soil and water loss in this region. [Methods] The experiment contained six treatments: no fertilization(CK), chemical fertilizers(NPK), half-organic manure plus half-chemical fertilizers(1/2 NPKOM), organic manure(OM), legume stover returned plus chemical fertilizers(NPKL), half-organic manure plus legume stover returned plus half-chemical fertilizers(1/2 NPKOM+L). [Results] Among all the treatments, water losses were ranked as OM > 1/2 NPKOM > NPKL > CK > NPK > 1/2 NPKOM+L, and soil losses followed the orders of OM > 1/2 NPKOM > NPKL > CK > NPK > 1/2 NPKOM+L. Furthermore, the OM treatment had maximum concentrations of soil nutrients including total N (TN), dissolved N (DN), NO₃-N, NH₄⁺-N, total P(TP) and dissolved P(DP) losses in runoff, while the 1/2 NPKOM+L treatment had minimum concentrations of those nitrogen and phosphorus fractions compared to other fertilizer treatments. Similarly, the contents of TN, TP in sediment were the highest in OM treatment, but the lowest in 1/2 NPKOM+L treatment. [Conclusion] The 1/2 NPKOM+L treatment could be considered as a better choice of fertilization practice with respect to reducing soil, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus nutrient losses from tea soils in the region.