1990-2010年青岛地区热环境与土地利用变化的时空关系

目的]揭示青岛地区热环境与土地利用变化的时空关系,为青岛市环境规划与管理提供依据。方法]利用Landsat TM/ETM+数据反演青岛地区的地表温度,解译出土地利用类型,比较不同土地利用类型的温度均值及标准差,计算热环境影响指数,分析GIS重心轨迹。结果]1990—2010年,城乡、工矿、居民用地和未利用土地的地表温度最高,水域最低;耕地的热效应贡献度最大;未利用土地和城乡、工矿、居民用地温度超过平均温度的地块较多;耕地类型中高于平均温度的地块占区域总面积的比重较大;城乡、工矿、居民用地中高于平均温度的地块占区域总面积的比重随时间明显增大;1990—2010年热岛重心一直向东北方向迁移,其中2000—2010年热岛重心迁移方向与城市重心迁移方向一致。结论]青岛地区热环境与土地利用变化具有密切的关系,城市扩展逐渐成为热岛效应形成的主要原因。

Spatiotemporal Relationship Between Thermal Environment and Land Use Changes from 1990 to 2010 in Qingdao Area

Objective] This study aimed at revealing the relationship between thermal environment and land use changes in time and space in Qingdao area, in order to provide the basis for environmental planning and management. Method] The Landsat TM/ETM⁺ data were used to inverse the surface temperature and to interpret the land use types. The mean and standard deviation of temperature of different land use types were compared, the impact indies of heat environment were calculated and the GIS trajectory was analyzed.Results] The type of unused land, urban, industrial, residential lands had the highest surface temperature among all the types of land use while water type had the lowest temperature from 1990 to 2010; cultivated land contributed most to the thermal effect; unused land, urban, industrial, residential lands had the most plots with higher temperature than the average; cultivated land plots in which temperature was higher than the average temperature, accounted for the most proportion of the total area; the proportion of urban, rural areas, industrial, residential lands which had higher temperature than the average increased obviously over time; the area of urban heat island migrated to northeast from 1990 to 2010, and from 2000 to 2010, urban heat island center and the city center migrated to the same direction.Conclusion] Thermal environment and land use change of Qingdao area have a close relationship, and urban expansion has gradually become the main reason for the formation of the heat island effect.