Factors impacting the activity of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing Pseudomonas fluorescens against take-all of wheat |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA;2. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Root Disease and Biological Control Research Unit, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA;1. Higher Agronomic Institute of Chott-Mariem, Sousse University, 4042 Chott Mariem, Tunisia;2. UR13AGR09- Integrated Horticultural Production in the Tunisian Centre East, Regional Research Centre on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, University of Sousse, 4042 Chott-Mariem, Tunisia;3. INRAE, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), ISVV, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France;4. Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISVV, UMR1065 SAVE, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France;5. BIOVITIS, 15400 Saint Etienne de Chomeil, France;1. Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-Ro, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea;2. Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh;2. Division of Applied Bioscience & Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea;3. West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA;4. Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh;1. Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom;2. Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom;3. Agronomy College, Shanxi Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Institute of Crop Germplasms Resources of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province 030031, People’s Republic of China;1. Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China;2. Fermentation and Functionality Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Korea |
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| Abstract: | Take-all, caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, is an important soilborne disease of wheat worldwide. Pseudomonas fluorescens producing the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) are biocontrol agents of take-all and provide natural suppression of the disease during wheat monoculture known as take-all decline. To identify factors that could contribute to the effectiveness of 2,4-DAPG producers in take-all suppression, P. fluorescens strains Q8r1-96 (genotype D) and Q2-87V1 (genotype B; reduced antibiotic production) were tested against three pathogen isolates differing in sensitivity to 2,4-DAPG (LD5, ARS-A1 and R3-111a-1) and two wheat cultivars (Tara and Buchanan). The antibiotic sensitivity of the pathogen and cultivar significantly affected the level of take-all suppression by Q8r1-96 and Q2-87V1; suppression was greatest with LD5 and Tara. Q8r1-96 suppressed ARS-A1 and R3-111a-1 on Tara but not Buchanan, and Q2-87V1 failed to suppress either pathogen isolate on either cultivar. Q8r1-96 colonized the rhizosphere of Tara and Buchanan grown in soil similarly, but 2,4-DAPG accumulation was higher on the roots of Buchanan than Tara. 2,4-DAPG at 7.5 μg mL−1 reduced the growth of roots of both cultivars, and 10 μg mL−1 caused brown necrosis and tissue collapse of seedling roots and reduced root hair development. The half-life of 2,4-DAPG in the rhizosphere was estimated to be 0.25 days. These results suggest that several interconnected factors including sensitivity of G. graminis var. tritici to 2,4-DAPG, wheat cultivar, fluctuations in populations of 2,4-DAPG producers, and antibiotics accumulation in the rhizosphere will impact the robustness of take-all suppression by P. fluorescens in the field. |
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