Comparison of lidocaine,tramadol, and lidocaine–tramadol for epidural analgesia in lambs |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran;2. Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran;3. Department of Pharmacology, Iran Medical University, Tehran, Iran;1. Department of Anesthesiology, Chi-Mei Medical Center (Chiali branch), Tainan, Taiwan;2. Department of General Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan and Liouying, Taiwan;3. Department of Electrical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan;4. Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan;5. Allied AI Biomed Center, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan;6. Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan;7. Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan;8. Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan;1. Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India;2. Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India |
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| Abstract: | Epidural anesthesia is commonly utilized in veterinary medicine to allow diagnostic, obstetrical, and surgical intervention, in the perineal region of domestic animal. The following study was carried out to directly compare the time of onset and duration of anesthesia produced by a tramadol and lidocaine–tramadol combination with that produced by lidocaine administration in the epidural space of lamb. Seven healthy female lambs of undefined breed weighing 15–20 kg were selected for this study. Epidural anesthesia was produced in all lambs by 2% lidocaine and with 2 weeks intervals repeated by combination of lidocaine–tramadol and tramadol alone. Analgesia was defined as lack of a response to pin prick test and pressure from hemostat clamp (closed to the first ratchet) applied first in the perineal area and then moved cranially toward the thoracic region until a response (movement associated with pin prick test or hemostat pressure) was observed. Time to onset, duration and cranial spread of analgesia were recorded. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and rectal temperature were recorded before (baseline, 0) and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 min after epidural administration of the solution. The results were expressed as mean ± SD and were analyzed by a one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s test as a post hoc for heart rate, respiratory rate and body temperature and also, for time of onset and duration of analgesia. Graphpad Prism version 5 software program was used for all analyses. A value of P < 0.05 was considered significant. The tramadol produced a significant (P < 0.05) longer duration of analgesia than lidocaine alone and lidocaine–tramadol combination. Also, lidocaine–tramadol combination produced a significant (P < 0.05) longer duration of analgesia than lidocaine alone. Complete analgesia began more delayed in the tramadol treatment than lidocaine–tramadol and lidocaine alone. The combination of lidocaine–tramadol produced analgesia of longer duration than lidocaine and onset time was approximately same as lidocaine group. |
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